Cone. Fig. 156, Cone. Fig. 157, Leaf-fascicle. Fig. 158,
Magnified leaf-section. Fig. 159, Tree at Ferraria de Tula.

[Illustration: PLATE XVI. P. LEIOPHYLLA (151-154), LUMHOLTZII
(155-159)]

=VIII. LONGIFOLIAE=

Seed-wing adnate to the nut. Leaves long, in fascicles of 3, the sheath
persistent.

Apophysis of the cone prolonged and reflexed 22. longifolia.
Apophysis of the cone low-pyramidal 23. canariensis.

22. PINUS LONGIFOLIA

1803 P. longifolia Roxburgh ex Lambert, Gen. Pin. i. 29, t. 21.
1897 P. Roxburghii Sargent, Silva N. Am. xi. 9.

Spring-shoots uninodal. Leaves in fascicles of 3, the sheath persistent,
from 20 to 30 cm. long; resin-ducts external, the hypoderm often in
large masses, some or all of the endoderm cells with thick outer walls.
Cones from 10 to 17 cm. long, short-pedunculate, ovoid-conic; apophyses
lustrous brown-ochre or fuscous brown, elevated into thick, often
reflexed, beaks with obtuse mutic umbos; seeds with large nuts and
adnate striated dark gray or fuscous brown wings.

Of the three Pines of the Himalayas this species is the most
important. It grows on the outer slopes and foot-hills from Bhotan to
Afghanistan. The wood is used for construction and for the manufacture
of charcoal, the thick soft bark is valuable for tanning, the resin is
abundant and of commercial importance, and the nuts are gathered for
food. The tree is not hardy in cool-temperate climates, but has been
successfully grown in northern Italy.

It differs from P. canariensis in the usually protuberant apophysis of
the cone, in the thick outer walls of the leaf-endoderm and in the
nearly smooth walls of the ray-tracheids of the wood. In the
dimensions of cone and leaf, in the dermal tissues and resin-ducts of
the leaf and in the peculiar coloring of the seed-wing, the two
species are alike.

Plate XVII.

Fig. 160, Cone. Fig. 161, Leaf-fascicle. Fig. 162, Magnified
leaf-section.

23. PINUS CANARIENSIS

1825 P. canariensis Smith in Buch, Canar. Ins. 159.

Spring-shoots uninodal, pruinose. Bud-scales with conspicuously long
free fimbriate margins. Leaves in fascicles of 3, the sheath persistent,
from 20 to 30 cm. long; the hypoderm often in large masses, the
resin-ducts external, the endoderm with thin outer walls. Cones from 10
to 17 cm. long, short-pedunculate, ovoid-conic; apophyses lustrous or
sublustrous nut-brown,