fulvous brown, prominently convex, the umbo against the apophysis
beneath; seeds with a long wing.

A tree with gray-green drooping foliage, found, with some
interruptions, along the Himalayas. It furnishes resin, tar and wood
of considerable value. It is cultivated in all temperate climates and
is a familiar tree of American and European gardens. Madden states
that the foliage of P. excelsa is sometimes erect and is occasionally
bright green. Such variations are often met in other species of Pinus.
Usually the drooping gray-green foliage and the peculiar cone are
sufficient for the recognition of this species. The not infrequent
presence of a medial duct and the large connective are valuable aids
for identifying it.

Plate XI.

Fig. 108, Cone and seed. Fig. 109, Leaf-fascicle and magnified
section of two leaves. Fig. 110, Pollen-sacs and connective
magnified.

[Illustration: PLATE XI. P. EXCELSA (108-110), PEUCE (111-113),
PARVIFLORA (114-116)]

11. PINUS MONTICOLA

1837 P. monticola Douglas ex Lambert, Gen. Pin. iii. t.
1884 P. porphyrocarpa Lawson, Pinet. Brit. i, 83, ff.

Spring-shouts pubescent. Leaves from 4 to 10 cm. long, serrulate;
stomata ventral or rarely with a few dorsal stomata; resin-ducts
external. Cones from 10 to 25 cm. long, cylindrical or tapering,
sometimes curved; apophyses brown-ochre or fulvous brown, thin, smooth,
conforming to the surface of the cone, the apex sometimes slightly
prolonged and reflexed, the umbo not quite touching the surface of the
scale below.

The western White Pine grows in southern British Columbia and on
Vancouver Island, on the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho, in
Washington, on the Blue Mountains, Cascades and Coast Range of Oregon,
across northern California and along the Sierras to the mountains of
southern California. Where it is abundant and accessible it furnishes
valuable timber. It is hardy in New England and in northern and
central Europe.

It differs from P. strobus in the higher phyllotaxis of its cone, an
obvious difference that may be seen by comparing cones of the two
species of the same length (figs. 117, 119), the number of scales on
the cone of P. monticola being much greater than that on the cone of
P. strobus. Nuttall (Sylva, iii, 118) followed Hooker in considering
it to be a variety of P. strobus.

Plate XII.

Fig. 117, Cone and cone-scale. Fig. 118,