of the leaf.

[Illustration: PLATE XXXII. P. PINASTER (275-278), HALEPENSIS
(279-283)]

52. PINUS VIRGINIANA

1768 P. virginiana Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8.
1789 P. inops Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367.

Spring-shoots multinodal, pruinose; branchlets pliant and tough.
Bark-formation slow, the cortex not rifted for some years. Leaves
binate, from 4 to 8 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, or with an occasional
internal duct; hypoderm biform. Conelets with long tapering sharp
scales. Cones from 4 to 6 cm. long, ovate or oblong-ovate, symmetrical,
persistent, dehiscent at maturity; apophyses lustrous nut-brown,
somewhat elevated along a transverse keel, the umbo salient, forming a
long slender prickle with a broad base.

Western Long Island to central Georgia and north Alabama, and from
eastern Tennessee to southern Indiana and southeastern Ohio. It is a
low bushy tree in the north, but in the south and west it attains
small timber-size and is locally exploited. It is hardy beyond the
limits of its natural range, growing readily in the vicinity of
Boston. Its short binate leaves, the persistent long prickles of its
cone, and its tough branches, combine to distinguish this Pine from
its associates. The obvious relationship of P. virginiana and P.
clausa places the former in this, rather than in the preceding group.

Plate XXXIII.

Fig. 284, Cones. Fig. 285, Conelet and its enlarged spinose scale.
Fig. 286, Leaf-fascicle, magnified leaf-section and more magnified
dermal tissues of the leaf. Fig. 287, Buds.

53. PINUS CLAUSA

1884 P. clausa Vasey ex Sargent, Rep. 10th Cens. U. S. ix. 199.

Spring-shoots multinodal. Bark-formation slow, as in the preceding
species. Leaves binate, from 5 to 9 cm. long; resin-ducts medial, or
with an occasional internal duct, hypoderm biform when of two rows of
cells. Conelets with long tapering acute scales. Cones from 5 to 8 cm.
long, reflexed, ovate-conic, symmetrical, persistent, often serotinous;
apophyses lustrous nut-brown, elevated along a transverse keel, the umbo
forming a triangular persistent spine.

A species of limited range, confined to the sandy coast of Alabama and
to Florida. It sometimes attains timber-size, but is usually a low
spreading tree of no commercial importance and never seen in
cultivation. It is recognized by its smooth branches, binate leaves
and numerous, often multiserial, clusters of persistent, oft