rped from the irregular development of the scales,
serotinous; apophyses lustrous tawny yellow, concave, flat or convex,
the umbo small and unarmed.

The most northern American Pine, growing near the Arctic Circle in the
valley of the Mackenzie River, whence it ranges southeasterly to
central Minnesota and the south shore of Lake Michigan, and easterly
through the Dominion of Canada to northern Vermont, southern Maine,
and Nova Scotia. In the northern part of its range it is the only
Pine, but further south it is associated with P. strobus and P.
resinosa. It is easily identified by its curious curved or deformed
cones.

Plate XXXV.

Fig. 301, Cones. Fig. 302, Biserial cones of the same year.
Fig. 303, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. Fig. 304,
Habit of the tree.

58. PINUS CONTORTA

1833 P. inops Bongard in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. ii. 163,
(not Aiton).
1838 P. contorta Douglas ex Loudon, Arb. Brit. iv. 2292, f. 2211.
1853 P. Murrayana Balfour in Bot. Exp. Oregon, 2, f.
1854 P. Boursieri Carriere in Rev. Hort. 225, ff. 16, 17.
1868 P. Bolanderi Parlatore in DC. Prodr. xvi-2, 379.
1869 P. tamrac Murray in Gard. Chron. 191, ff. 1-9.
1898 P. tenuis Lemmon in Erythea, vi. 77.

Spring-shoots multinodal. Leaves binate, from 3 to 5 cm. long;
resin-ducts medial, hypoderm biform. Conelets long-mucronate. Cones from
2 to 5 cm. long, sessile, ovate-conic, symmetrical or very oblique,
persistent, serotinous; apophyses lustrous tawny-yellow, flat or
protuberant, on oblique cones abruptly larger on the posterior face; the
umbo armed with a slender fragile prickle.

It grows from the valley of the Yukon, near the Alaskan boundary,
along the Pacific coast to Mendocino county, California. It covers the
plains and slopes of British Columbia and follows the Rocky Mountains
into western Colorado, with an outlying station on the Black Hills of
South Dakota. It grows on the Sierras and mountains of southern
California and in northern Lower California. On the seashore this Pine
is of low dense growth, but inland it is a slender tree with a long
tapering stem. It is easily recognized by its very short leaves and
very small cone.

Plate XXXV.

Fig. 305, Cones. Fig. 306, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section.

[Illustration: PLATE XXXV. P. BANKSIANA (301-304), CONTORTA (305, 306)]

59. PINUS GREGGII

18