ese collections, but there is no Chinese Pine with the white buds
and the medial leaf-ducts of this species.

Plate XXII.

Fig. 196, Two cones. Fig. 197, Leaf-fascicle and magnified
leaf-section.

33. PINUS NIGRA

1785 P. nigra Arnold, Reise n. Mariaz. 8, t.
1804 P. laricio Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. v. 339.
1808 P. halepensis Bieberstein, Fl. Taur. Cauc. ii. 408 (not Miller).
1809 P. pinaster Besser, Fl. Galic. ii. 294 (not Aiton).
1813 P. maritima Aiton, f. Hort. Kew. v. 315 (not Lambert).
1816 P. sylvestris Baumgarten, Stirp. Transsilv. ii. 304
(not Linnaeus).
1818 P. pyrenaica Lapeyrouse, Hist. Pl. Pyren. Suppl. 146.
1824 P. Pallasiana Lambert, Gen. Pin. ii. 1, t. 1.
1825 P. austriaca Hoess in Flora, viii-1, Beil. 113.
1831 P. nigricans Host, Fl. Austr. ii. 628.
1842 P. dalmatica Visiani, Fl. Dalmal. 199, note.
1851 P. Salzmanni Dunal in Mem. Acad. Montp. ii. 82, tt.
1863 P. Heldreichii Christ in Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, iii. 549.
1864 P. leucodermis Antoine in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xiv. 366.
1896 P. pindica Formanek in Verh. Nat. Ver. Bruenn, xxxiv. 272.

Spring-shoots uninodal. Leaves binate, from 9 to 16 cm. long, the
epiderm thick, hypoderm conspicuous, resin-ducts medial. Conelets
mucronate. Cones from 4 to 8 cm. long, subsessile, symmetrical;
apophyses lustrous, tawny yellow, transversely carinate, the keel
strongly convex, the mucro of the umbo more or less persistent.

A valuable tree unequally distributed over the mountain slopes of
central and southern Europe and Asia Minor. The typical form, under
the name of the Austrian Pine, is a familiar exotic of the Middle and
Eastern States of America. As Mathieu states (Flore Forest., ed. 4,
597), this species is quite constant in cone and bark. It may be added
that the anatomy of the leaf is also constant, while the dimensions of
both leaf and cone present no unusual variations. The varieties
generally accepted are founded on the habit of the tree, a character
of forestal or horticultural rather than of botanical importance.

Plate XXII.

Fig. 193, Two cones. Fig. 194, Leaf-fascicle and magnified
leaf-section. Fig. 195, Magnified dermal tissues of the leaf.

[Illustration: PLATE XXII. P. LUCHUENSIS (191, 192), NIGRA (193-195),
THUNBERGII (196, 197)]

34. PINUS MERKUSII

1790 P. sylvestris Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. ii. 5