by its lustrous red cones and by the ashen gray
cortex of its branches and upper trunk. Tenore's P. brutia (pyrenaica
of some authors) is founded on a difference in the length of the leaf
and on an erect cone with a shorter peduncle. To recognize species on
such distinctions would not be consistent with the purpose and spirit
of this discussion.

Plate XXXII.

Fig. 279, Two cones. Fig. 280, Cone. Fig. 281, Lateral conelet. Fig.
282, Magnified leaf-section. Fig. 283, Dermal tissues of the leaf
magnified.

51. PINUS PINASTER

1768 P. sylvestris Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8 (not Linnaeus).
1789 P. pinaster Aiton, Hort. Kew. iii. 367.
1798 P. laricio Savi, Fl. Pisa. ii. 353 (not Poiret).
1804 P. maritima Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl. Meth. v. 337
(not Lambert).
1826 P. escarena Risso, Hist. Nat. ii. 340.
1835 P. Lemoniana Bentham in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. ser. 2,
i. 512, t.
1845 P. Hamiltonii Tenore, Cat. Ort. Nap. 90.

Spring-shoots sometimes multinodal. Bark-formation early. Leaves binate,
from 10 to 20 cm. long, stout and rigid; resin-ducts medial, hypoderm
multiform, the inner cells gradually larger, remarkably large in the
angles of the leaf. Conelets minutely mucronate. Cones from 9 to 18 cm.
long, nearly sessile, ovate-conic, symmetrical or subsymmetrical,
persistent, sometimes serotinous; apophyses lustrous nut-brown or rufous
brown, conspicuously pyramidal, the umbo salient and pungent.

A maritime tree corresponding nearly, in its range, with the preceding
species, but more hardy in cooler climates. It grows from Portugal to
Greece, and from Algeria to Dalmatia, but its area has been much
extended by cultivation. Under favorable conditions it attains large
dimensions, but its exploitation for resin and turpentine tends to
diminish its size and disfigure its habit (Mathieu, Fl. Forest, ed. 4,
611). Its rapid growth, strong root-system, and its ability to thrive
on poor sandy soil, have led to the employment of this species for the
forestation of sand-dunes in France.

The tree can be recognized by its long stout leaves and persistent
brown cones. Its leaf-section is peculiar in the remarkable size of
the inner cells of the hypoderm, especially in the angles of the leaf.

Plate XXXII.

Figs. 275, 276, Cones. Fig. 277, Magnified leaf-section. Fig. 278,
Magnified dermal tissues in the angle