more or less pyramidal, the umbo unarmed; seeds
as in the last species.

A species confined to the Canary Islands, but cultivated in northern
Italy. The stately habit of this tree is seen in Schroeter's portrait
(Exc. Canar. Ins. t. 15).

Plate XVII.

Fig. 163, Cone and seed. Fig. 164, Magnified leaf-section. Fig. 165,
Habit of the tree.

[Illustration: PLATE XVII. P. LONGIFOLIA (160-162), CANARIENSIS
(163-165)]

=IX. PINEAE=

Seed-wing articulate, short, ineffective. Leaves binate, the sheath
persistent. One species only.

24. PINUS PINEA

1753 P. pinea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1000.
1778 P. sativa Lamarck, Fl. Franc. ii. 200.
1854 P. maderiensis Tenore in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, ii. 379.

Spring-shoots uninodal. Leaves from 12 to 20 cm. long; resin-ducts
external. Conelet mutic, slightly larger in the second year. Cones
triennial, from 10 to 14 cm. long, ovoid or subglobose; apophyses
lustrous nut-brown, convex, of large size, the umbo double; seeds large
with a short, loosely articulated, deciduous wing.

A species of the Mediterranean Basin, from Portugal to Syria. Its
northern limit is in southern France and northern Italy, but it is
cultivated in the southern parts of the British Isles and is a
familiar ornament of park and garden in southern Europe, and is valued
for its peculiar beauty and for its large savory nuts. In wood anatomy
as well as in the seed it agrees with the Gerardianae of the Soft
Pines.

Plate XVIII.

Fig. 166, Fruit of three seasons. Fig. 167, Cone-scales and seed.
Fig. 168, Magnified leaf-section. Fig. 169, Habit of the tree.

[Illustration: PLATE XVIII. PINUS PINEA]

=Pinaster=

Bases of the bracts subtending leaf-fascicles decurrent. Seeds with an
effective articulate wing. Umbo of the cone-scales dorsal. Leaves
serrulate, stomatiferous on all faces, the sheath persistent. Walls of
the tracheids of the medullary rays dentate.

Forty-two of the sixty-six species of Pinus are included in this
subsection. As a group they are clearly circumscribed by several
correlated characters and are more closely interrelated than the
twenty-four species previously described. The distinctions of umbo and
seed have disappeared. The umbo here is invariably dorsal, the
seed-wing invariably articulate.

New forms, however, are gradually evolved--the seed with a thick
wing-blade, the indurated oblique cone, the serotinou