But Charizi himself felt that his art as a Hebrew poet was decadent.
Great poets of Jewish race have risen since, but the songs they have
sung have not been songs of Zion, and the language of their muse has not
been the language of the Hebrew Bible.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

JEHUDA HALEVI.

Graetz.--III, II.

J. Jacobs.--_Jehuda Halevi, Poet and Pilgrim_ (_Jewish
Ideals_, New York, 1896, p. 103).

Lady Magnus.--_Jewish Portraits_ (Boston, 1889), p. 1.

TRANSLATIONS OF HIS POETRY by Emma Lazarus and Mrs. Lucas
(_op. cit._): Editions of the Prayer-Book; also _J.Q.R._,
X, pp. 117, 626; VII, p. 464; _Treasurers of Oxford_ (London,
1850); I. Abrahams, _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_, chs. 7, 9
and 10.

HIS PHILOSOPHY: _Specimen of the Cusari_, translated by A.
Neubauer (_Miscellany of the Society of Hebrew Literature_,
Vol. I). John Owen.--_J.Q.R._, III, p. 199.

CHARIZI.

Graetz.--III, p. 559 [577]

Karpeles.---_Jewish Literature and other Essays_,
p. 210 _seq._

M. Sachs.--_Hebrew Review_, Vol. I.

CHAPTER XIII

MOSES MAIMONIDES

Maimon, Rambam = R. Moses, the son of Maimon, Maimonides.--His
Yad Hachazaka and Moreh Nebuchim.--Gersonides.--Crescas.--Albo.

The greatest Jew of the Middle Ages, Moses, the son of Maimon, was born
in Cordova, in 1135, and died in Fostat in 1204. His father Maimon was
himself an accomplished scientist and an enlightened thinker, and the
son was trained in the many arts and sciences then included in a liberal
education. When Moses was thirteen years old, Cordova fell into the
hands of the Almohades, a sect of Mohammedans, whose creed was as pure
as their conduct was fanatical. Jews and Christians were forced to
choose conversion to Islam, exile, or death. Maimon fled with his
family, and, after an interval of troubled wanderings and painful
privations, they settled in Fez, where they found the Almohades equally
powerful and equally vindictive. Maimon and his son were compelled to
assume the outward garb of Mohammedanism for a period of five years.
From Fez the family emigrated in 1165 to Palestine, and, after a long
period of anxiety, Moses Maimonides settled in Egypt, in Fostat, or Old
Cairo.

In Egypt, another son of Maimon, David, traded in precious stones, and
supported his learned brother. When David was lost at sea, Maimonides
earned a living as a physician. His whole day was occupied in his
profession, yet he contrived to work at his books