whether he
that says SOCRATES or he that says THIS ONE does more by name declare
the person.

The thing we call a participle, being a mixture of a verb and noun
is nothing of itself, as are not the common names of male and female
qualities (i.e, adjectives), but in construction it is put with others,
in regard of tenses belonging to verbs, in regard of cases to nouns.
Logicians call them [Greek omitted], (i.e., REFLECTED),--as [Greek
omitted], comes from [Greek omitted], and from [Greek omitted],--having
the force both of nouns and appellatives.

And prepositions are like to the crests of a helmet, or footstools and
pedestals, which (one may rather say) do belong to words than are words
themselves. See whether they rather be not pieces and scraps of words,
as they that are in haste write but dashes and points for letters. For
it is plain that [Greek omitted] and [Greek omitted] are abbreviations
of the whole words [Greek omitted] and [Greek omitted]. As undoubtedly
for haste and brevity's sake, instead of [Greek omitted] and [Greek
omitted] men first said [Greek omitted] and [Greek omitted].

Therefore every one of these is of some use in speech; but nothing is a
part or element of speech (as has been said) except a noun and a verb,
which make the first juncture allowing of truth or falsehood, which some
call a proposition or protasis, others an axiom, and which Plato called
speech.

END OF ELEVEN-----------

LITERARY ESSAYS.

THE LIFE AND POETRY OF HOMER

(Homeric quotations are almost all taken from Lord Derby's "Iliad" and
Butcher and Long's "Odyssey." The first is indicated by the letter I,
the second by O.)

Homer, who was in time first among most poets and by his power first of
all poets, we justly read first, thereby gaining the greatest advantages
for our language, for our intellect, and for practical knowledge. Let us
speak of his poetry, first having shortly recalled his origin.

Homer, Pindar says, was a Chian and of Smyrnae; Simonides says a Chian;
Antimachus and Nicander, a Colophonion; but the philosopher Aristotle
says he was of Iete; the historian Ephorus says he was from Kyme. Some
do not hesitate to say he was from Salamis in Cyprus; some, an Argive.
Aristarchus and Dionysius the Thracian say that he was an Athenian. By
some he is spoken of as the son of Maeon and Kritheus; by others, (a
son) of the river-god Meles.

Just as there is a difficulty about his origin, so there is abou