feeling, manner. There is no historical narration
without some of these. So it is with our poet, who relates many things
in their development and happening. Sometimes in single passages can be
found relations of this kind.

Of character, as the following (I. v. 9):--

There was one Dores 'mid the Trojan host,
The priest of Vulcan, rich, of blameless life;
Two gallant sons he had, Idaeus named
And Phegeus, skilled in all the points of war.

He describes features, also, as in the case of Thersites (I. ii. 217):--

With squinting eyes, and one distorted foot,
His shoulders round, and buried in his breast
His narrow head, with scanty growth of hair.

And many other things, in which he often pictures the type or appearance
or character, or action or fortune of a person, as in this verse (I. xx.
215):--

Dardanus first, cloud-compelling
Zeus begot,--and the rest.

There is in his poetry description of locality; where he speaks about
the island near that of the Cyclops, in which he describes the look of
the place, its size, its quality, and the things in it, and what is near
it. Also, when he describes the things adjacent to the island of Calypso
(O. v. 63):--

And round about the cave there was a wood-blossoming alder
and poplar, and sweet-smelling cypress.

And what follows. And innumerable other things of the same kind.

Time narratives are found as follows (I. ii. 134):--

Already now nine weary years have passed.

And (I. ii. 303):--

Not long ago, when ships of Greece were met at Aulis charged
with evil freight for Troy.

Then there are the causes, in which he shows why something is coming to
pass or has come to pass. Such are the things said at the beginning of
the "Iliad" (I. i. 8):--

Say then, what god the fatal strife provoked
Jove's and Latona's son; he filled with wrath
Against the King, with deadly pestilence
The Camp afflicted--and the people died
For Chryses' sake, his priest, whom Atreus' son
With scorn dismissed,

--and the rest. In this passage he says the cause of the difference
between Achilles and Agamemnon was the plague; but the plague was caused
by Apollo, and his wrath was due to the insult put upon his priest.

Description of the instrument he gives, as when he tells of the shield
made by Vulcan for Achilles. And there is a briefer one on the spear of
Hector (I. viii. 493):--