for [Greek omitted], "shores," [Greek
omitted], "shores," and for [Greek omitted], [Greek omitted]. So also
(I. xi. 782):--

You two [Greek omitted] wished it very much.

Finally in datives ending in pure iota with a penultimate of alpha the
same is done, as [Greek omitted], "horn," [Greek omitted], "old age,"
[Greek omitted], "ray." And this, too, is Attic, where it is said [Greek
omitted], "let them be," and [Greek omitted], "let them follow," for
[Greek omitted] and [Greek omitted]. The use of the dual which Homer
repeatedly employs is of the same type. Also with feminine substantives
he joins masculine articles, participles, and adjectives, as [Greek
omitted]. This is a practice with Plato, as when he uses [Greek omitted]
"pillaging," and [Greek omitted], "the wise just woman." So, too, Homer
(I. viii. 455), speaking of Here and Athene, says:--

In vain smitten [Greek omitted] with a thunderbolt on
our chariots,--

and (I. iv. 22):--

Athene was indeed unwilling [Greek omitted],--

and (I. ii. 742):--

Famous [Greek omitted] Hippodamea.

Moreover the dialects have many peculiarities of construction. When the
poet says (I. iv. 100):--

But seek with your javelins of divine Menelaos,--

instead of the accusative, he presents an Attic usage. But when he says
(I. ii. 186):--

He took for him the sceptre and he took the cup for
fair-cheeked Themis--

instead of "from him" and "from Themis," he is employing a Dorian usage.

Accordingly it appears how he makes his diction varied by throwing
together words of all the Greek dialects, and sometimes he makes use of
foreign words as are the aforesaid, sometimes archaic words, as when
he says [Greek omitted], "falchion," and [Greek omitted], "sword,"
sometimes common and ordinary words, as when he says [Greek omitted],
"sword and shield"; one might wonder how well common words in his poetry
preserve dignity of speech.

But an artificially wrought style cultivates variation from the
customary, by which it becomes clever, more dignified, and altogether
more attractive. The turn of expression is called a Trope, and change
of construction is called a Schema. The forms of these are described in
technical treatises. Let us examine if any of these is omitted by Homer
or whether anything else was discovered by his successors which he
himself did not use first.

Among Tropes, Onomatopoeia is very common. For he knew the early o