atively succinct
arrangement of Yajnavalkya and other sages. It is more consistent to
suppose, that Manu, as originally promulgated, was, from time to time,
added to, with an accidental disregard of method.

_Achara_, ritual, comprises the distinctive cast-ceremonies, domestic
and social usages, rites of purification, of sacrifice.

_Vyavahara_, may be called the juridical rules, embracing as well
substantive law as the procedure and practice of legal tribunals.

_Prayaschitta_, expiations, are the religious sanctions, or penalties
of sin; the divine visitation upon offenders, and the mode in which
the sinner may avert, by atonement, the consequences of divine
vengeance.

The date of Yajnavalkya's Dharma Sastra is not definitely or
satisfactorily fixed. From internal evidence, it is doubtless much
subsequent to Manu.

The data for conjecturing the period of Yajnavalkya are;

1. Reference is made to Buddhist habits and doctrines, _viz._ the
yellow garments, the baldhead, the Swabhava (B. I. sl. 271, 272, and
349).

Hence, this Dharma Sastra must have been promulgated later than B.
C. 500.

2. Reference is made to a previous Yoga Sastra promulgated by
Yajnavalkya (B. III, sl. 110). Now, the Yoga philosophy was first
shaped into a system by Patanjali who, according to Lassen, probably
flourished about 200 B. C.

3. Mention is made of coin as _nanaka_ (B. II, sl. 240). Now, the
word _nano_ occurs on the coins of the Indoscythian king, Kanerki,
who, according to Lassen, reigned until 40 A. C.

The result, though indefinite, places the earliest date of
Yajnavalkya's code towards the middle of the first century after
Christ.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 6: See his paper _Zur Geschichte der Indischen Gesetzbucher_
(Contributions to the history of the Indian law-books) in Weber's
_Indische Studien_, vol. I, pp. 232 to 246.]

[Footnote 7: Yajnavalkya, ch. I, sl. 3 to 5.]

[Footnote 8: We have followed Mr. Elphinstone (Hist. ch. 1) in the
orthography of this word: it is from the Portuguese _casta_, breed,
race.]

[Footnote 9: See Lassen's _Indische Alterthumskunde_, vol. II, p.
510.]

SELECTED SLOKAS OF THE FIRST BOOK.

RITUAL AND MORAL CONDUCT.[10]

1. The Munis[11] after adoration to Yajnavalkya, lord of Yogis,[12]
thus addressed him:

Reveal to us the several duties of the casts, of the orders,[13] and
of the others![14]

2. The prince of the Yogis, who then abode in Mithila, meditating for
a mo