otnote 36: A sort of kidney bean, _phasealus radiatus._ Wilson.]

[Footnote 37: About 176 grains Troy weight. Wilson.]

[Footnote 38: Manu says four.]

[Footnote 39: These tables of weight, as further explained by the
Commentator, may be given thus:

3 Atoms = 1 Mote.

8 Motes = 1 Poppy seed or a nit.

3 Poppy seeds or 3 nits = 1 Black mustard seed.

3 Black mustard seeds = 1 White mustard seed.

3 White mustard seeds = 1 Barley corn.

3 Barley corns = 1 Krishnala.

_Gold._

5 Krishnalas = 1 Masha.

16 Mashas = 1 Suvarna.

4 Suvarnas = 1 Pala.

_Silver._

2 Krishnalas = 1 Masha.

16 Mashas = 1 Dharana.

10 Dharanas = 1 Pala or Satamana.

4 Suvarnas = 1 Nishka.

_Copper._

4 Karshas = 1 Pala.

1 Pana = 1 Karsha _i. e._ 1/4 Pala.

They by no means satisfactorily define the intrinsic weight and
signification of the Pana, which, as the measure of pecuniary
penalty, would seem to be the chief if not sole object of their
introduction.

In the corresponding slokas of Manu, ten Palas are said to be
equivalent to one Dharana. We can only reconcile this by supposing
Manu to refer to a gold Pala and Yajnavalkya to a silver Pala.]

[Footnote 40: The Commentator remarks, that this includes every kind
of corporal punishment.]

[Footnote 41: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 129, 130.]

[Footnote 42: ibid, sl. 126, also ch. 7, sl. 16. In the last passage,
Sir Wm. Jones has added to the term, strength, _his own_; this we
consider to be an error, at any rate it is not a mere translation, and
we have applied the term used, _viz._ _strength_ simpliciter,
differently.]

THE SECOND BOOK

LAW AND JUDICATURE.

1. Let the monarch,[43] free from anger or thought of gain, in
conjunction with learned brahmans, adjudicate law-suits, according
to the Dharma Sastras.

2. He shall appoint judges perfect in the Vedas and in science,[44]
versed in the Dharma Sastras, such as speak truth and bear
themselves alike to friend and foe.

3. If the monarch, from press of other business, cannot adjudicate, he
shall appoint a brahman versed in the whole law, [to preside] with
the judges.[45]

4. Should the judges, from partiality, from love of gain, or from
fear, act in anywise contrary to law or usage;[46] each one [so
acting] shall be amerced in double the value of the suit.

5. When one who is aggrieved by others, in any way contrary to law or
usage, makes a representation to the monarch; this is matter for a
law-suit