ificant, appearing before the leaves. Fruit a flattened,
round-winged samara; ripe in the spring and dropping early from the
trees. Bark rough with longitudinal ridges.

* Leaves very rough on the upper side. (=A.=)

=A.= Leaves 4 to 8 in. long; buds rusty-downy; inner bark very
mucilaginous 1.

=A.= Leaves smaller; buds not downy; cultivated. (=B.=)

=B.= Wide-spreading tree; twigs drooping; fruit slightly
notched 2.

=B.= Tree rather pyramidal; twigs not usually drooping; fruit
deeply notched 3.

* Leaves not very rough on the upper side. (=C.=)

=C.= Buds and branchlets pubescent; twigs often with corky
ridges 4.

=C.= Buds and branchlets free from hairs, or very nearly so.
(=D.=)

=D.= Twigs with corky wings 5.

=D.= Twigs often with corky ridges; cultivated 2, 3.

=D.= Branchlets never corky 6.

[Illustration: U. fulva.]

1. =Ulmus fulva=, Michx. (SLIPPERY OR RED ELM.) Leaves large, 4 to 8
in., very rough above, ovate-oblong, taper-pointed, doubly serrate,
soft-downy beneath; branchlets downy; inner bark very mucilaginous;
leaves sweet-scented in drying; buds in spring soft and downy with rusty
hairs. Fruit with a shallow notch in the wing not nearly reaching the
rounded nut. A medium-sized tree, 45 to 60 ft. high, with tough and very
durable reddish wood; wild in rich soils throughout.

[Illustration: U. montana.]

2. =Ulmus montana=, Bauh. (SCOTCH OR WITCH ELM.) Leaves broad, obovate,
abruptly pointed and doubly serrated. Fruit rounded, with a slightly
notched wing, naked. Branches drooping at their extremity, their bark
smooth and even. A medium-sized tree, 50 to 60 ft. high, with spreading
or often drooping branches; extensively cultivated under a dozen
different names, among the most peculiar being the White-margined (var.
_alba marginata_), the Crisped-leaved (var. _crispa_), and the Weeping
(var. _pendula_) Elms.

[Illustration: U. campestris.]

3. =Ulmus campestris=, L. (ENGLISH OR FIELD ELM.) Leaves much smaller
and of a darker color than the American Elm, obovate-oblong, abruptly
sharp-pointed, doubly serrat