e scales, with a narrow
raised border, 3/4 to 1 in. in diameter; sessile or nearly so. A large
tree, 60 to 90 ft. high, with reddish, very coarse-grained wood. Common
throughout.

[Illustration: Q. coccinea.]

12. =Quercus coccinea=, Wang. (SCARLET OAK.) Leaves, in the ordinary
form on large trees, bright green, shining above, turning red in autumn,
oval or oblong, deeply pinnatifid, the 6 to 8 lobes divergent, and
sparingly cut-toothed, notches rounded. Acorn 1/2 to 3/4 in. long,
roundish, depressed, one half or a little more inclosed in a top-shaped,
coarsely scaled cup; in the axils of the leaf-scars of the preceding
year. A large handsome tree, 60 to 80 ft. high, with grayish bark not
deeply furrowed, interior reddish; coarse-grained reddish wood. Moist or
dry soil. Common.

[Illustration: Var. tinctoria.]

Var. _tinctoria_. (Quercitron. Yellow-barked or Black Oak.) Leaves,
especially on young trees, often less deeply pinnatifid, sometimes
barely sinuate. Foliage much like that of Quercus rubra. Acorn nearly
round, 1/2 to 2/3 in. long, set in a rather deep, conspicuously scaly cup.
Bark of trunk thicker, rougher, darker-colored and with the inner color
orange. Rich and poor soil. Abundant east, but rare west.

[Illustration: Q. palustris.]

13. =Quercus palustris=, Du Roi. (SWAMP, SPANISH, OR PIN OAK.) Leaves
oblong, deeply pinnatifid, with divergent, sharply toothed,
bristle-tipped lobes and rounded notches, and with both sides bright
green. Acorn globular, hardly 1/2 in. long, cup shallow and saucer-shaped,
almost sessile, in the axils of last year's leaf-scars. A handsome,
medium-sized tree; wood reddish, coarse-grained. In low ground. Common
throughout.

[Illustration: Q. falcata.]

14. =Quercus falcata=, Michx. (SPANISH OAK.) Leaves obtuse or roundish
at base, 3- to 5-lobed above, the lobes prolonged, mostly narrow, and
the end ones more or less scythe-shaped, bristle-tipped, entire or
sparingly cut-toothed, soft-downy beneath. Foliage very variable. Acorn
1/3 to 1/2 in. long, globose, half inclosed in the hemispherical cup;
nearly sessile. A tree, 30 to 70 ft. high, large and abundant in the
South; bark thick and excellent for tanning; wood coarse-grained, dark
brown or reddish. New Jersey, south and west.

[Illustration: Q. ilicifolia.]

15. =Quercus ilicifolia=, Wang. (BEAR OR BLACK SCRUB-OAK.) Leaves
obovate, wedge-shaped at base, angularly about 5-lobed (3 to 7),
white-downy beneath, 2 to 4 i