mooth and dark above, somewhat silvery below. Cones 3 to 4 1/2 in.
long, 1 to 1 1/2 in. in diameter, straight, cylindric, with broad, downy,
leathery, crenulated scales; bracts exserted, with acute, slightly
recurved points. A beautiful tall tree with somewhat the habit of the
common Silver Fir; recently introduced from Japan, and hardy as far
north as central New York.

[Illustration: A. grandis.]

5. =Abies grandis=, Lindl. (GREAT SILVER FIR.) Leaves 1 to 1 1/2 in. long,
mostly curved, deep green above and silvery below, not 2-ranked. Cones 3
in. long and about 2 in. broad, obtuse, solitary, chestnut-brown in
color. A very large (200 to 300 ft. high), handsome tree from the
Pacific coast. Hardy at Washington; needs protection north.

[Illustration: A. Pichta.]

6. =Abies Pichta=, Fisch. (SIBERIAN SILVER FIR.) Leaves 1 in. long,
linear, flat, obtuse, incurved at the apex, mostly scattered, very dark
green above, paler beneath. Cones 3 in. long, ovate, cylindric, obtuse,
with rounded, entire scales and hidden bracts. A small to medium-sized
cultivated tree, 25 to 50 ft. high, with horizontal, somewhat pendulous
branches and dense compact growth. It is peculiar in its very dark
foliage; very hardy.

[Illustration: A. Cephalonica.]

7. =Abies Cephalonica=, Loud. (CEPHALONIAN SILVER FIR.) Leaves 3/4 in.
long, very stiff, sharp-pointed, spreading broadly from the branches in
all directions, dark green above and white beneath; petioles very short,
dilated lengthwise at the point of attachment of the branches. Cones
very erect, 4 to 6 in. long, 1-1/3 in. in diameter; projecting scales
unequally toothed and reflexed at the point. A beautiful, cultivated
tree, 30 to 60 ft. high, with bright brown bark and resinous buds.

[Illustration: A. Pinsapo.]

8. =Abies Pinsapo=, Bois. (PINSAPO FIR.) Leaves less than 1 in. long
(usually 1/2 in.), rigid, straight, scattered regularly around the
branches, and pointing in all directions; disk-like bases large;
branches in whorls, and branchlets very numerous. Cones 4 to 5 in. long,
oval, sessile; scales rounded, broad, entire; bracts short. A very
handsome tree from Spain, and reported hardy at the Arnold Arboretum.

[Illustration: A. concolor.]

9. =Abies concolor=, Lindl. (WHITE FIR.) Leaves 2 to 3 in. long, mostly
obtuse, but on young trees often long-pointed, 2-ranked, not crowded on
the stem, pale green or silvery. Cones oblong-cylindric, 3 to 5 in.
long, 1 1/2 in. in diamet