oothed; twigs and shoots often hairy. Involucre of
the fruit open to the globose nut, the two leaf-like bracts very much
cut-toothed at the margin and thick and leathery at the base. Merely a
shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high; quite common throughout.

[Illustration: C. rostrata.]

2. =Corylus rostrata=, Ait. (BEAKED HAZELNUT.) Leaves but little or not
at all heart-shaped; stipules linear-lanceolate. The involucre,
extending beyond the nut in a bract like a bottle, is covered with
stiff, short hairs. Shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high. Wild in the same region as
Corylus Americana, but not so abundant.

[Illustration: C. Avellana.]

3. =Corylus Avellana=, L. (EUROPEAN HAZEL. FILBERT.) Leaves
roundish-cordate, pointed, doubly serrate, nearly sessile, with
ovate-oblong, obtuse stipules; shoots bristly. Involucre of the fruit
not much larger than the large nut (1 in.), and deeply cleft. A small
tree or shrub, 6 to 12 ft. high, from Europe; several varieties in
cultivation.

GENUS =86. OSTRYA.=

Slender trees with very hard wood, brownish, furrowed bark, and
deciduous, alternate, simple, exstipulate, straight-veined leaves.
Flowers inconspicuous, in catkins. Fruit hop-like in appearance, at the
ends of side shoots of the season, hanging on through the autumn.

[Illustration: O. Virginica.]

1. =Ostrya Virginica=, Willd. (IRON-WOOD. AMERICAN HOP-HORNBEAM.) Leaves
oblong-ovate, taper-pointed, very sharply doubly serrate, downy beneath,
with 11 to 15 straight veins on each side of the midrib; buds acute. The
hop-like fruit 2 to 3 times as long as wide; full grown and pendulous, 1
to 3 in. long, in August, when it adds greatly to the beauty of the
tree. A small, rather slender tree, 30 to 50 ft. high, with the bark on
old trees somewhat furrowed; wood white and very hard and heavy; common
in rich woods, and occasionally cultivated.

[Illustration: O. vulgaris.]

2. =Ostrya vulgaris=, Willd. (EUROPEAN HOP-HORNBEAM.) This species from
Europe is much like the American one, but has longer, more slender, more
pendulous fruit-clusters. Occasionally cultivated.

GENUS =87. CARPINUS.=

Trees or tall shrubs with alternate, simple, straight-veined leaves, and
smooth and close gray bark. Flowers in drooping catkins, the sterile
flowers in dense cylindric ones, and the fertile flowers in a loose
terminal one forming an elongated, leafy-bracted cluster with many,
several-grooved, small nuts, hanging on the tree till late in the
autumn.

[Illu