3 to 12 ft. high; from Europe. In low ground; often cultivated for the
twigs, which are used in basket-making.

[Illustration: S. caprea.]

10. =Salix caprea, L.= (GOAT-WILLOW.) Leaves large, roundish, ovate,
pointed, serrate, wavy, deep green above, pale and downy with soft,
white-cottony hairs beneath; stipules somewhat crescent-shaped. Catkins
large, oval, numerous, almost sessile, blooming much before the leaves
appear, and of a showy yellow color. A moderate-sized tree, 15 to 30 ft.
high, with spreading, brown or purplish branches. Frequent in
cultivation; from Europe; growing well in dry places. The Goat-willow is
the one generally used for the stock of the artificial umbrella-formed
"Kilmarnock Willow." The growth of shoots from these stocks is rendering
the Goat-willow quite common.

[Illustration: S. rostrata.]

11. =Salix rostrata, Richards.= (BEAKED WILLOW.) Leaves oblong to
obovate-lanceolate, acute, usually obscurely toothed, sometimes crenate
or serrate, downy above, prominently veined, soft-hairy and somewhat
glaucous beneath. Twigs downy. Catkins appearing with the leaves.
Fruit-capsules tapering to a long slender beak, pedicels long and
slender. A small, tree-shaped shrub, 4 to 15 ft. high, common in both
moist and dry ground. New England, west and north.

[Illustration: S. discolor.]

12. =Salix discolor, Muehl.= (GLAUCOUS OR BOG WILLOW.) Leaves lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, remotely serrate at the base, finely serrate
along the middle, and almost entire near the tip; smooth and bright
green above, soon smooth and somewhat glaucous beneath; stipules, on the
vigorous shoots, equaling the petiole, more frequently small and
inconspicuous. Catkins sessile, 1 in. long, appearing before the leaves
in the spring; scales dark red or brown, becoming black, covered with
long glossy hairs. Fruit in catkins, 2 1/2 in. long, the capsules very
hairy, with short but distinct style. A very variable species, common in
low meadows and on river-banks; usually a shrub, but occasionally 15 ft.
high.

[Illustration: S. cinerea.]

13. =Salix cinerea, L.= (GRAY OR ASH-COLORED WILLOW.) Leaves
obovate-lanceolate, entire to serrate; glaucous-downy and reticulated
with veins beneath; stipules half heart-shaped, serrate. Flowers yellow;
ovary silky, on a stalk half as long as the bracts. A shrub to
middle-sized tree, 10 to 30 ft. high, with an erect trunk; occasionally
cultivated; from Europe.

[Illustration