[Illustration: P. pungens.]

18. =Pinus pungens=, Michx. f. (TABLE-MOUNTAIN PINE.) Leaves in twos,
sometimes in threes, stout, short, 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 in. long, crowded,
bluish; the sheath short (very short on old foliage). Cones 3 in. or
more long, hanging on for a long time; the scales armed with a stout,
hooked spine, 1/4 in. long. A rather small tree, 20 to 60 ft. high. New
Jersey and south westward, along the mountains.

[Illustration: P. sylvestris.]

19. =Pinus sylvestris=, L. (SCOTCH PINE, wrongly called SCOTCH FIR.)
Leaves in twos, 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 in. long, from short, lacerated sheaths,
twisted, rigid, of a grayish or a glaucous-green color. Cones 2 to 3 in.
long, ovate-conical, of a grayish-brown color, ripening the second year,
the scales having 4-sided, recurved points. A large and very valuable
tree of central Europe. Many varieties are in cultivation in this
country. It forms the Red and Yellow Deal so extensively used for lumber
in Europe.

[Illustration: P. contorta.]

20. =Pinus contorta=, Dougl. (TWISTED-BRANCHED PINE.) Leaves 2 in. long,
numerous, rigid, sharply mucronate, from a short, dark, overlapping
sheath; 2 to a sheath. Cones from 2 to 2 1/2 in. long, ovate, smooth,
clustered. Scales furnished with a point which is soon shed. A small
cultivated tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, from the Pacific coast of the United
States. As it has an irregular shape, and crooked branches, it is not
often planted.

[Illustration: P. Banksiana.]

21. =Pinus Banksiana=, Lambert. (GRAY OR NORTHERN SCRUB PINE.) Leaves in
twos, short, 1 in. long, oblique, divergent from a close sheath. Cones
lateral, conical, oblong, usually curved, 1 1/2 to 2 in. long, the scales
thickened at the end and without points. A straggling shrub, sometimes a
low tree, found wild in the extreme Northern States.

[Illustration: P. edulis.]

[Illustration: P. monophylla.]

22. =Pinus edulis=, Engelm. (PINON OR NUT-PINE.) Leaves mostly in pairs,
rarely in threes, 1 to 1 1/2 in. long, from short sheaths, light-colored,
rigid, curved or straightish, spreading; cones sessile, globose or
nearly so, 2 in. long; tips of scales thick, conical-truncate, no awns
or prickles; seeds large, nut-like, wingless, edible. A low,
round-topped tree, branching from near the base, 10 to 25 ft. high; from
the Rocky Mountains. A fine small pine; cultivated in the East. It needs
some protection at Boston. The figure shows the seed. =Pinus
monophylla=, Torr. a