n. long, thickish, with short, triangular
bristle-tipped lobes. Acorn ovoid, globular, 1/2 in. long. A dwarfed,
straggling bush, 3 to 10 ft. high. Sandy barrens and rocky hills. New
England to Ohio, and south.

[Illustration: Q. aquatica.]

16. =Quercus aquatica=, Walt. (WATER-OAK.) Leaves thick, sub-evergreen,
obovate-wedge-shaped, smooth, tapering at the base, sometimes obscurely
3-lobed at the tip; on the seedlings and the young rapid-growing shoots
often incised or sinuate-pinnatifid, and then bristle-pointed. Acorn
small, globular-ovoid, downy, in a saucer-shaped cup, very bitter; in
the axils of leaf-scars of the previous year. A very variable tree, 30
to 40 ft. high, with smooth bark. Wet ground. Maryland, west and south.

[Illustration: Q. nigra.]

17. =Quercus nigra=, L. (BLACK OAK OR BARREN OAK.) Leaves large, 5 to 10
in. long, thick, wedge-shaped, broadly dilated above, and truncate or
slightly 3-lobed at the end, bristle-awned, smooth above, rusty-downy
beneath. Acorn oblong-ovate, 1/2 to 3/4 in. long, in the axils of the
leaves of the preceding year, one third or one half inclosed in the
top-shaped, coarse-scaled cup. A small tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, with
rough, very dark-colored bark. New York, south and west, in dry, sandy
barrens.

[Illustration: Q. imbricaria.]

18. =Quercus imbricaria=, Michx. (LAUREL-OR SHINGLE-OAK.) Leaves
lanceolate-oblong, entire, tipped with an abrupt, sharp point,
pale-downy beneath. Acorn globular, 5/8 in. long, cup with broad,
whitish, close-pressed scales, covering about one third of the nut. A
stout tree, 30 to 50 ft. high, found in barrens and open woodlands. Wood
extensively used in the West for shingles. New Jersey to Wisconsin, and
southward.

[Illustration: Q. Phellos.]

19. =Quercus Phellos=, L. (WILLOW-OAK.) Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, thick,
linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, entire or very nearly so, soon
smooth, light green, bristle-tipped, willow-like, scurfy when young.
Acorns about sessile, globular, small (1/2 in.), in a shallow saucer
shaped cup; on the old wood. Tree 30 to 50 ft. high, with smooth, thick
bark, and reddish, coarse-grained wood, of little value. Borders of
swamps, New Jersey, south and west; also cultivated.

[Illustration: Q. Robur.]

20. =Quercus Robur=, L. (ENGLISH OAK.) Leaves on short footstalks,
oblong, smooth, dilated upward, sinuately lobed, hardly pinnatifid.
Acorns in the axils of the leaves of the year, ovate-oblong, o