abruptly dilated into the wing, which is 2 to 3 times as long as the
terete portion; entire fruit about 1 1/2 in. long. A common large
forest-tree, 60 to 80 ft. high, with gray, furrowed bark, smooth,
grayish-green branchlets, and rusty-colored buds. Extensively
cultivated.

[Illustration: F. pubescens.]

2. =Fraxinus pubescens=, Lam. (RED ASH.) Like the White Ash, but to be
distinguished from it by the down on the young, green or olive-green
twigs, and on the footstalks and lower surface of the leaves. Fruit
acute, 2-edged at base, gradually dilated into the wings as in Fraxinus
viridis. A smaller and more slender tree than the White Ash; growing in
about the same localities, but rare west of the Alleghanies; heart-wood
darker-colored.

[Illustration: F. viridis.]

3. =Fraxinus viridis=, Michx. f. (GREEN ASH.) Smooth throughout;
leaflets 5 to 9, bright green on both sides, ovate or oblong-lanceolate,
often wedge-shaped at base and serrate above. Fruit acute and 2-edged or
margined at base and gradually spreading into an oblanceolate or
linear-spatulate wing as in the Red Ash. Small to middle-sized trees
(like the Red Ash), found throughout, but common westward.

[Illustration: F. quadrangulata.]

4. =Fraxinus quadrangulata=, Michx. (BLUE ASH.) Leaflets 7 to 9,
short-stalked, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, pointed, sharply serrate,
green on both sides. Fruit narrowly oblong, blunt, of the same width at
both ends, or slightly narrowed at the base. A large tree, 60 to 80 ft.
high, with smooth square twigs on the vigorous growths. Wisconsin to
Ohio and Kentucky.

[Illustration: F. platycarpa.]

5. =Fraxinus platycarpa=, Michx. (WATER-ASH.) Leaflets 5 to 7, 3 to 5
in. long, ovate or oblong, acute at both ends, short-stalked, slightly
serrate. Branchlets terete, smooth to pubescent. Fruit broadly winged, 3/4
in. wide, often 3-winged, tapering to the base. A medium-sized tree in
deep river-swamps, Virginia and south.

[Illustration: F. sambucifolia.]

6. =Fraxinus sambucifolia=, Lam. (BLACK ASH.) Leaflets 7 to 11, sessile,
oblong-lanceolate, tapering to a point, serrate, obtuse or rounded at
base, green and smooth on both sides; when young, with some rusty hairs
along the midrib. Fruit without calyx at base and with wing all around
the seed-bearing part, blunt at both ends. A slender tree, 40 to 70 ft.
high, with dark-blue or black buds.

[Illustration: F. excelsior.]

[Illustration: Var. monophylla.]

7. =Fra