y the same kind of borer, the eggs having been deposited in
the logs before sawing or in the bark after the lumber was piled. If
the eggs are deposited in the logs, and the borers have entered the
inner bark or the wood before sawing, they may continue their work
regardless of methods of piling, but if such lumber is cut from new
logs and placed in the pile while green, with the bark surface up, it
will be much less liable to attack than if piled with the bark edges
down. This liability of lumber with bark edges or sides to be attacked
by insects suggests the importance of the removal of the bark, to
prevent damage, or, if this is not practicable, the lumber with the
bark on the sides should be piled in open, loose piles with the bark
up, while that with the bark on the edges should be placed on the
outer edges of the piles, exposed to the light and air.

[Illustration: Fig. 29. Work of Round-headed Borers,
_Callidium antennatum_, in White Pine Bucket Staves from New
Hampshire. _a_, where egg was deposited in bark; _b_, larval
mine; _c_, pupal cell; _d_, exit in bark; _e_, adult.]

In the Southern States it is difficult to keep green timber in the
woods or in piles for any length of time, because of the rapidity
which wood-destroying fungi attack it. This is particularly true
during the summer season, when the humidity is greatest. There is
really no easily-applied, general specific for these summer troubles
in the handling of wood, but there are some suggestions that are worth
while that it may be well to mention. One of these, and the most
important, is to remove all the bark from the timber that has been
cut, just as soon as possible after felling. And, in this, emphasis
should be laid on the ALL, as a piece of bark no larger than a man's
little finger will furnish an entering place for insects, and once
they get in, it is a difficult matter to get rid of them, for they
seldom stop boring until they ruin the stick. And again, after the
timber has been felled and the bark removed, it is well to get it to
the mill pond or cut up into merchantable sizes and on to the pile as
soon as possible. What is wanted is to get the timber up off the
ground, to a place where it can get plenty of air, to enable the sap
to dry up before it sours; and, besides, large units of wood are more
likely to crack open on the ends from the heat than they would if cut
up into the smaller units for merchandizing.

A moist cond