d
winter cutting should all be worked up by March or April.

2. If the round timber must be left in the woods or on the
skidways during the danger period, every precaution should
be taken to facilitate rapid drying of the inner bark, by
keeping the logs off the ground in the sun, or in loose
piles; or else the opposite extreme should be adopted and
the logs kept in water.

3. The immediate removal of all the bark from poles, posts,
and other material which will not be seriously damaged by
checking or season checks.

4. To determine and utilize the proper months or seasons to
girdle or fell different kinds of trees: Bald cypress in the
swamps of the South are "girdled" in order that they may
die, and in a few weeks or months dry out and become light
enough to float. This method has been extensively adopted in
sections where it is the only practicable one by which the
timber can be transported to the sawmills. It is found,
however, that some of these "girdled" trees are especially
attractive to several species of ambrosia beetles (Figs. 22
and 23), round-headed borers (Fig. 24) and timber worms
(Fig. 25), which cause serious injury to the sapwood or
heartwood, while other trees "girdled" at a different time
or season are not injured. This suggested to the writer the
importance of experiments to determine the proper time to
"girdle" trees to avoid losses, and they are now being
conducted on an extensive scale by the United States Forest
Service, in co-operation with prominent cypress operators in
different sections of the cypress-growing region.

Saplings

Saplings, including hickory and other round hoop-poles and similiar
products, are subject to serious injuries and destruction by round-
and flat-headed borers (Fig. 24), and certain species of powder post
borers (Figs. 26 and 27) before the bark and wood are dead or dry, and
also by other powder post borers (Fig. 28) after they are dried and
seasoned. The conditions favoring attack by the former class are those
resulting from leaving the poles in piles or bundles in or near the
forest for a few weeks during the season of insect activity, and by
the latter from leaving them stored in one place for several months.

Stave, Heading and Shingle Bolts

These are attacked by am