brosia beetles (Figs. 22 and 23), and the oak
timber worm (Fig. 25, _a_), which, as has been frequently reported,
cause serious losses. The conditions favoring attack by these insects
are similiar to those mentioned under "Round Timber." The insects may
enter the wood before the bolts are cut from the log or afterward,
especially if the bolts are left in moist, shady places in the woods,
in close piles during the danger period. If cut during the warm
season, the bark should be removed and the bolts converted into the
smallest practicable size and piled in such manner as to facilitate
rapid drying.

Unseasoned Products in the Rough

Freshly sawn hardwood, placed in close piles during warm, damp weather
in July and September, presents especially favorable conditions for
injury by ambrosia beetles (Figs. 22, _a_, and 23, _a_). This is due
to the continued moist condition of such material.

Heavy two-inch or three-inch stuff is also liable to attack even in
loose piles with lumber or cross sticks. An example of the latter was
found in a valuable lot of mahogany lumber of first grade, the value
of which was reduced two thirds by injury from a native ambrosia
beetle. Numerous complaints have been received from different sections
of the country of this class of injury to oak, poplar, gum, and other
hardwoods. In all cases it is the moist condition and retarded drying
of the lumber which induces attack; therefore, any method which will
provide for the rapid drying of the wood before or after piling will
tend to prevent losses.

It is important that heavy lumber should, as far as possible, be cut
in the winter months and piled so that it will be well dried out
before the middle of March. Square timber, stave and heading bolts,
with the bark on, often suffer from injuries by flat- or round-headed
borers, hatching from eggs deposited in the bark of the logs before
they are sawed and piled. One example of serious damage and loss was
reported in which white pine staves for paint buckets and other small
wooden vessels, which had been sawed from small logs, and the bark
left on the edges, were attacked by a round-headed borer, the adults
having deposited their eggs in the bark after the stock was sawn and
piled. The character of the injury is shown in Fig. 29. Another
example was reported from a manufacturer in the South, where the
pieces of lumber which had strips of bark on one side were seriously
damaged b