being a napkin with the Saviour's face portrayed on it; Simon Magus
'simony'; Mahomet a 'mammet' or 'maumet', meaning an idol{95}, and
'mammetry' or idolatry; 'dunce' is from Duns Scotus; while there is a
legend that the 'knot' or sandpiper is named from Canute or Knute, with
whom this bird was a special favourite. To come to more modern times,
and not pausing at Ben Johnson's 'chaucerisms', Bishop Hall's
'scoganisms', from Scogan, Edward the Fourth's jester, or his
'aretinisms', from an infamous writer, 'a poisonous Italian ribald' as
Gabriel Harvey calls him, named Aretine; these being probably not
intended even by their authors to endure; a Roman cobbler named Pasquin
has given us the 'pasquil' or 'pasquinade'; 'patch' in the sense of
fool, and often so used by Shakespeare, was originally the proper name
of a favourite fool of Cardinal Wolsey{96}; Colonel Negus in Queen
Anne's time first mixed the beverage which goes by his name; Lord Orrery
was the first for whom an 'orrery' was constructed; and Lord Spencer
first wore, or at least first brought into fashion, a 'spencer'. Dahl, a
Swede, introduced the cultivation of the 'dahlia', and M. Tabinet, a
French Protestant refugee, the making of the stuff called 'tabinet' in
Dublin; in '_tram_-road', the second syllable of the name of Ou_tram_,
the inventor, survives{97}. The 'tontine' was conceived by an Italian
named Tonti; and another Italian, Galvani, first noted the phenomena of
animal electricity or 'galvanism'; while a third Italian, 'Volta', gave
a name to the 'voltaic' battery. 'Martinet', 'mackintosh', 'doyly',
'brougham', 'to macadamize', 'to burke', are all names of persons or
from persons, and then transferred to things, on the score of some
connection existing between the one and other{98}.

Again the names of popular characters in literature, such as have taken
strong hold on the national mind, give birth to a number of new words.
Thus from Homer we have 'mentor' for a monitor; 'stentorian', for
loud-voiced; and inasmuch as with all of Hector's nobleness there is a
certain amount of big talking about him, he has given us 'to
hector'{99}; while the medieval romances about the siege of Troy ascribe
to Pandarus that shameful ministry out of which his name has past into
the words 'to pandar' and 'pandarism'. 'Rodomontade' is from Rodomont, a
blustering and boasting hero of Boiardo, adopted by Ariosto;
'thrasonical', from Thraso, the braggart of the Roman comedy. C