land and Germany, and two in the Alps. Southward we again find
many representatives crossing over to North Africa, among which _Helix
lenticula_ has a similar range to _Pupa granum_, which I have just
referred to. The Alpine sub-genus _Campylaea_ is quite absent in the
Lusitanian district.

Among our own British testaceous Land Mollusca, several _Helices_,
viz., _Helix pisana_, _ericetorum_, _virgata_, _acuta_, _fusca_,
_rotundata_, _aculeata_, and probably many others, have come to us from
the south-west. The species of _Hyalinia_ are undoubtedly of very remote
origin, and it would be futile at the present state of our knowledge to
speculate as to their home. Some of our species may possibly be of
British origin. _Balea perversa_ is probably a south-western species,
and certainly _Pupa anglica_, which is quite confined to Western Europe.

[Illustration: Fig. 18.--The Spotted Slug (_Geomalacus maculosus_).]

Much more characteristic of South-western Europe, however, than these
land-shells are some of the slugs. The peculiar genus _Geomalacus_ is
almost entirely confined to Portugal. One species, which I have had
several occasions to refer to in illustration of the term "discontinuous
distribution," ranges far beyond the confines of that country. This is
_Geomalacus maculosus_ (Fig. 18), first discovered in the south-west of
Ireland, and more recently also in Portugal. Although careful search has
been made for it in other parts of the British Islands, this slug has
only been found in the portion of Ireland just indicated. Within the
last few years I have taken it, up to a height of over a thousand feet,
on the promontory north of the Kenmare River, also from sea-level up to
a considerable height near Glengariff, and more recently Messrs. Praeger
and Welch discovered it in abundance near the town of Kenmare. But
beyond this rather circumscribed area in the counties of Cork and Kerry
it does not occur (_vide_ Fig. 19). Several Portuguese species of this
interesting genus have since been added to science by Dr. Simroth and
others. Dr. Simroth, too, has promulgated the view that the genus
_Arion_--to which our common brown garden slug belongs--is of Lusitanian
origin. Indeed, the number of species of _Arion_ diminishes as we leave
that province, though one extends beyond the borders of Europe into
Siberia. The same number of species, viz. five, occur in Germany and in
England. _Testacella_--a slug-like mollusc--which lives