ction, or to them in a
north-westerly one. That is to say the Oriental route, and not the
Siberian, was utilised by the migrants.

Fortunately, we know a little more about another Grasshopper genus,
called _Chrysochraon_. There are only two species, one of which, _Chr.
dispar_, has been found from Northern France to the mountains of Servia,
but not in the Alps. The other, _Chr. brachypterus_, has a somewhat
similar range in the plain; but, moreover, it inhabits the Alps up to a
considerable height. It is interesting to note that both these
Grasshoppers again turn up on the Amur in Eastern Siberia.

In conclusion, I might mention one more Grasshopper, viz. _Tettix_,
because it includes a species--_T. bipunctatus_--which, though well
known in the plain of Middle and North Europe, ascends the Alps to a
height of nearly 10,000 feet. It is one of the few instances I know of
an animal occurring in the same form in such an enormous range of
altitude--from sea-level to the highest regions where animal life is
known to exist. It is also known from Asia Minor and Siberia. _T.
subulatus_ has a similar distribution, but is more common in Southern
Europe than the other. _T. fuliginosus_ occurs in Lapland and Siberia,
_T. meridionalis_ and _T. depressus_ all along the shores of the
Mediterranean. There can be no doubt that here also we can trace
migration to or from Siberia, and again, as on previous occasions, by
the Oriental route.

We now possess a fair general idea of the fauna of the Alps. We have
learned that a good many of the animals are indigenous, and that others
have migrated to the Alps by various routes. The majority of these have
come from Central and Southern Asia with what has been described as the
Oriental migration. A much smaller number have reached the Alps from the
north and the west, but none of the latter are among the high Alpine
forms. What will be the most surprising revelation is that the eastern
species, which arrived in Europe with the Siberian migration, are
practically absent from the Alps proper. No doubt some of them still
survive in the lowlands of Switzerland and the Tyrol, but none of the
true Alpine fauna owes its origin to the Siberian migration. If we
compare the Alpine mammals with the Siberian forms which reached England
(_vide_ p. 202), we at once perceive the difference. We should expect to
find in the Alps--if not the Reindeer and the Glutton--the Arctic Fox,
the little Pica, the Lemming