2

Alligator, accidental dispersal of, 14

_Allolobophora Georgii_, 115, 302
_veneta_, 115, 302

Alpine Accentor, 316
Chough, 317
fauna, survival of, during Glacial period, 332
flora, 341-348
flora, age of, 78, 79
flora, suitable conditions for, 78-79
Hare, as a test of climate, 316
Snow-finch, 318

Alps, component elements of fauna, 311-312

Alston, E. R., 312

_Alytes cisternasii_, 295
_obstetricans_, 295

_Amalia_, 284

America, introductions from, 24

American beetles in the British Islands, 167
plants, origin of, in the British Islands, 144
plants in Ireland, 166
sponges in Ireland, 166

_Ampelis garrulus_, 205

Amphibia of Europe, 193-194
dispersal of, 21

_Amphicoma_, 268

Andalusian Bush-quail, 291-292

_Anergates_, 167

Anglo-Scotian fauna, 95

Animals as tests of climate, 71-75

Antelope, 39

Ants, European origin of, 161

_Apollo_, 325

_Apus glacialis_, 94, 167

Aralo-Caspian Sea and Arctic Ocean, connection between, 219-231

_Arbutus unedo_, 110, 307

Arctic animals in Caspian Sea, 238
flora in Europe, 238-241
Hare, origin of, 148-149, 158-159
Hare, range of, 136-138
Lepidoptera, 200
plant-beds at Bovey Tracy, 238
plants, 143-144
plants, delicacy of, 185
mollusca in Red Crag, 235-236
Seal, 174
sub-region, 132

_Arctomys bobak_, 204, 313
_marmotta_, 313

_Arion_, 48, 299
_subfuscus_, 49

_Arionidae_, origin of, 48, 299

_Asiminea Grayana_, 99

Aucapitaine, Baron, experiments by, 15

Autochthonous species, 10

Azores, remains of a continent, 19

_Bacillus_, 269-270

Badger, distribution of, 43

_Balea perversa_, 298

Ball, J., 77, 345-347

Baltic Sea, fauna of, 174

Baltic and White Seas, connection between, 175

Banded Lemming, range of, 138

Barn Owl, 98

Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H., 29, 90, 139, 149

Barriers to animal migration, 38

Barrington, R. M., 105

_Bathyphantes nigrinus_, 94

Baur, G., 19

Bearded Titmouse, 292

Beaver, 203

Beaver absent from Ireland, 121

Beddard, F. E., 19, 58

Bedriaga, J. von, 259-260

Beetles common to North America and Europe, 161
American, in British Islands, 167

Bell (_vide_ Kendall and Bell)

Black Cock, 143

Black Grouse, 336

Blanchard, E., 282

_Blanus cinereus_