, 279, 294

_Blethisa multipunctata_, 93

Blytt, A., 34, 52, 79, 185, 239

Boar, distribution of, 44

Bobak Marmot, 204

Boettger, O., 48, 263

Bogdanov, M. M., 53

_Bombinator_, 259-260
_igneus_, 259
_pachypus_, 259

Bonnet, 306

Bonney, T. G., 66, 70, 83, 180, 229

Boulenger, G. A., 259

Boulder-clay, foraminifera in, 84
origin of, 81, 175, 180-181, 229-230
of Continental Europe, 180, 226-231

Bourguignat, J. R., 18, 47, 302

Bovey Tracy, arctic plant beds at, 238

Boyd, E., 104

_Branchinecta palludosa_, 167

Brandt, J. F., 51, 62, 107, 218, 222

Brauer, A., 132-133

Brehm, A. E., 139

Bristle-fern, 115

British flora during Glacial period, 163

British Islands, Lusitanian flora in, 288, 306-307
submergence of, 127

Brooke, Sir V., 247, 250

Brunner von Wattenwyl, 270

_Bufo calamita_, 30

_Buliminus detritus_, 261
_fasciolatus_, 261
_obscurus_, 261
_pupa_, 261

Bullfinch, origin of, 191, 255-256

Bulman, G. W., 114

Bunge, D., 219

Bush-quail, Andalusian, 291-292

Butterflies, Arctic distribution of, 159-161
origin of North European, 55

_Caccabis rufa_, 29

_Campylaea_, sub-genus of _Helix_, 49, 321

Canary Islands, origin of, 19

_Canis lagopus_, 135

Capercaillie, 28, 143, 336-337

_Capra ibex_, 312
_aegagrus_, 61, 312
_pyrenaica_, 312
_sibirica_, 312
_sinaitica_, 312

_Carabus_, 199

_Carduelis_, 257
_caniceps_, 258
_elegans_, 257
_major_, 257

Carpenter, G. H., 64, 94-95, 104, 114, 121-123, 288, 301

Caspian Fishes, 224
post-pliocene deposits, 222, 226
Sea, Arctic animals in, 238
seal, 224

_Castor fiber_, 203

Cave deposits, mixture of Northern and Southern animals in, 54

Cenocosmic species, 24

Centre of distribution, 12, 43, 47
origin, shifting of, 202

_Cervidae_, origin of, 248

_Cervus dama_, 251
_elaphus_, 246-250
_giganteus_, 108, 251

_Chamaeleon vulgaris_, 279

Chamois, 312

Charrs, origin of, 124

_Chioglossa_, 296

Chough, Alpine, 317

Christ, H., 52, 343-344

Christy, Miller, 105

_Chrysochraon_, 330

_Cicindela_, 197-198

_Cinclus_, 255

Clarke, Eagle, 105

_Clausilia_, 47, 262-264, 284
_bidentata_, 47, 262, 284
_biplicata_, 47
_laminata_, 47
_Pauli_, 48, 263
_Rolphii_,