r
Waterloo, Napoleon should have urged him to inspirit the Chamber of
Deputies with a view to a national resistance (_Lettres nouvelles de
Napoleon_). In point of fact Joseph did little beyond seeking to further
the emperor's plans of escape to America. After the surrender of his
brother to the captain of H.M.S. "Bellerophon" at Rochefort, Joseph went
to the United States. Settling in Bordentown, New Jersey, he adopted the
title of comte de Survilliers, and sought to promote plans for the
rescue of his brother from St Helena. In 1830 he pleaded, but
unsuccessfully, for the recognition of the claims of the duke of
Reichstadt (king of Rome) to the French throne. He afterwards visited
England, and for a time resided at Genoa and Florence. In the latter
city, the cradle of his race, he died on the 28th of July 1844. In
person he somewhat resembled Napoleon, but utterly lacked his strength
and energy. He was fitted for an embassy or judgeship, but was too mild,
supine and luxurious for the tasks thrust upon him by his brother. Yet
his correspondence and memoirs prove that he retained for Napoleon warm
feelings of affection.

Of the many works dealing with Joseph Bonaparte we may cite Baron A.
du Casse, _Memoires et correspondance politique et militaire du roi
Joseph_ (10 vols., Paris, 1854), and _Les Rois freres de Napoleon_
(1883); J.S.C. Abbott, _History of Joseph Bonaparte_ (New York, 1869);
G. Bertin, _Joseph Bonaparte in America_; _Joseph Bonaparte juge par
ses contemporains_ (anon.); the _Memoirs of Count Miot de Melito_
(translation, edited by General Fleischmann, 2 vols., 1881); R.M.
Johnston, _The Napoleonic Empire in Southern Italy_ (2 vols., with an
excellent bibliography, London, 1904); _Correspondence of Napoleon
with Joseph Bonaparte_ (2 vols., New York, 1856); Baron A. du Casse,
_Histoire des ... traites de Mortfontaine, de Luneville et d'Amiens_,
&c. (1855-1857); F. Masson, _Napoleon et sa famille_ (4 vols., Paris,
1889-1900).

2. Lucien Bonaparte

II. LUCIEN (1775-1840), prince of Canino, was born at Ajaccio on the
21st of May 1775. He followed his elder brothers to the schools of Autun
and Brienne. At that time he wished to enter the French army, but, being
debarred by defective sight, was destined for the church, and with this
aim in view went to the seminary at Aix in Provence (1786). His
excitable and volatile disposition agreed ill with the discipline of
the place, and