hat has come down from the days when Cyril of
Jerusalem delivered his catechetical Lectures. Even when (as in the
Shorter Westminster Catechism and the School Catechism) the Creed is
simply printed as an appendix, or where (as in the Free Church
Catechism) it is not mentioned at all, its substance is dealt with.
The order in which these three main themes are treated is by no means
constant. The Heidelberg and Westminster Catechisms are of a more
logical and independent character. The former is based on the Epistle
to the Romans, and deals with the religious life as (1) Repentance,
(2) Faith, (3) Love. Under these heads it discusses respectively the
sin and misery of men, the redemption wrought by Christ (here are
included the Creed and the Sacraments), and the grateful service of
the new life (the Decalogue).

It may be noted that Sir Oliver Lodge has adopted the catechetical
form in his book, _The Substance of Faith Allied with Science_ (1907),
which is described as "a catechism for parents and teachers."

See Ehrenfeuchter, _Geschichte des Katechismus_ (1857); P. Schaff,
_History of the Creeds of Christendom_ (3 vols., 1876-1877); Mitchell,
_Catechisms of the Second Reformation_ (1887); C. Achelis, _Lehrbuch
der prakt. Theologie_ (2 vols., 1898); L. Pullan, _History of the Book
of Common Prayer_, pp. 207-208; E.A. Knox, _Pastors and Teachers_
(1902), chs. iii. and iv.; W. Beveridge, _A Short History of the
Westminster Assembly_ (1904), ch. x. (A. J. G.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Cranmer bad published a separate and larger catechism on the
basis of the work of Justus Jonas in 1548; note also _Allen's
Catechisme, A Christen Instruccion of the Principall Pointes of
Christes Religion_ (1551).

[2] A Latin edition in 1609 was dedicated to James I. of England. The
British Houses of Parliament passed a resolution ordering all copies
of it to be publicly burned, and again in 1652 when another edition
appeared. An English translation, probably by John Bidle, was printed
in Amsterdam and widely circulated.

CATECHU, or CUTCH (Malay, _kachu_), an extract obtained from several
plants, its chief sources being the wood of two species of acacia (_A.
catechu_ and _A. suma_), both natives of India. This extract is known as
black catechu. A similar extract, known in pharmacy as pale catechu
(_Catechu pallidum_), and in general commerce as gambir, or _t