Florence, 1871); W. Windelband _Vom System der
Kategorien_ (Tubingen, 1900); R. Eisler, _Worterbuch der
philospphischen Begriffe_ (Berlin, 1899), pp. 400-409; S. Joda,
_Studio critico su le categorie_ (Naples, 1881); H. Vaihinger, _Die
transcendentale Deduktion der Kategorien_ (Halle, 1902); H.W.B.
Joseph, _Introduction to Logic_ (Oxford, 1906), ch. iii.; F.H.
Bradley, _Principles of Logic_ (1883); B. Bosanquet's _Knowledge and
Reality_ (1885, 2nd ed. 1892); histories of philosophy. For further
authorities see works quoted under ARISTOTLE and KANT, and in J.M.
Baldwin's _Dict. Philos. Psych._ vol. iii. pt. 2, p. 685.
(R. Ad.; X.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] For details of this and other Hindu systems see H. T. Colebrooke,
_Miscellaneous Essays_ (1837; new ed., E. B. Cowell, 1873); H. H.
Wilson, _Essays and Lectures on the Religions of the Hindus_
(1861-1862); Monier Williams, _Indian Wisdom_ (4th ed., 1893); A. E.
Gough's _Vaiseshika-Sutras_ (Benares, 1873), and _Philosophy of the
Upanishads_ (London, 1882, 1891); Max Muller, _Sanskrit Literature_,
and particularly his appendix to Thomson's _Laws of Thought_.

[2] The supposed origin of that theory in the treatise [Greek: perhi
tou pantos], ascribed to Archytas (q.v.), has been proved to be an
error. The treatise itself dates in all probability from the
Neo-Pythagorean schools of the 2nd century A.D.

[3] Prantl, _Ges. der Logik_, i. 74-75; F.A. Trendelenburg,
_Kategorienlehre_, 209. n.

[4] _Soph_. 254 D.

[5] Against this passage even Prantl can raise no objection of any
moment; see _Ges. der Logik_, i. 206. n.

[6] See Bonitz, _Iridex Aristotelicus_, s.v., and Prantl, _Ges. der
Logik_, i. 207.

[7] Brentano, _Bedeutung des Seienden nach A._, pp. 148-178.

[8] For detailed examination of the Stoic categories, see Prantl,
_Ges. d. Logik_, i. 428 sqq.; Zeller, _Ph. d. Griech._ iii. 1, 82,
sqq,; Trendelenburg, _Kateg._ p. 217.

[9] It does not seem necessary to do more than refer to the slight
alterations made on Kant's Table of Categories by J.G. von Herder (in
the _Metakritik_), by Solomon Malmon (in the _Propadeutik zu einer
neuen Theorie des Denkens_), by J.F. Fries (in the _Neue Kritik der
Vernunft_), or by Schopenhauer, who desired to reduce all the
categories to one--that of Causality. We should require a new
philosophical vocabulary even