_, the back, _venter_, the belly), a term used
to describe an organ which has two surfaces differing from each other in
appearance and structure, as an ordinary leaf.

DORT, SYNOD OF. An assembly of the Reformed Dutch Church, with deputies
from Switzerland, the Palatinate, Nassau, Hesse, East Friesland, Bremen,
Scotland and England, called to decide the theological differences
existing between the Arminians (or Remonstrants) and the Calvinists (or
Counter-Remonstrants), was held at Dort or Dordrecht (q.v.) in the years
1618 and 1619. The government of Louis XIII. prohibited the attendance
of French delegates. During the life of Arminius a bitter controversy
had sprung up between his followers and the strict Calvinists, led by
Francis Gomar, his fellow-professor at Leiden; and, in order to decide
their disputes, a synodical conference was proposed, but Arminius died
before it could be held. At the conference held at the Hague in 1610 the
Arminians addressed a remonstrance to the states-general in the form of
five articles, which henceforth came to be known as the five points of
Arminianism. In these they reacted against both the supralapsarian and
the infralapsarian developments of the doctrine of predestination and
combated the irresistibility of grace; they held that Christ died for
all men and not only for the elect, and were not sure that the elect
might not fall from grace. This conference had no influence in
reconciling the opposing parties, and another, held at Delft in the year
1613, was equally unsuccessful. In 1614, at the instance of the Arminian
party, an edict was passed by the states-general, in which toleration of
the opinions of both parties was declared and further controversy
forbidden; but this act only served, by rousing the jealousy of the
Calvinists, to fan the controversial flame into greater fury. Gradually
the dispute pervaded all classes of society, and the religious questions
became entangled with political issues; the partisans of the house of
Orange espoused the cause of the stricter Calvinism, whereas the
bourgeois oligarchy of republican tendencies, led by Oldenbarnevelt and
Hugo Grotius, stood for Arminianism. In 1617 Prince Maurice of Orange
committed himself definitely to the Calvinistic party, found an occasion
for throwing Oldenbarnevelt and Grotius into prison, and in November of
that year called a synod intended to crush the Arminians. This synod,
which assembled at Dort in Nove