the parliament. In that year Douglas raided England and was taken
prisoner at Homildon Hill by the Percys. He fought on the side of his
captors at Shrewsbury (1403), and was taken prisoner by the English king
Henry IV. He became reconciled during his captivity with the earl of
March, whose lands had been conferred on Douglas, but were now, with the
exception of Annandale, restored. He returned to Scotland in 1409, but
was in constant communication with the English court for the release of
the captive king James I. In 1412 he had visited Paris, when he entered
into a personal alliance with John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, and
in 1423 he commanded a contingent of 10,000 Scots sent to the help of
Charles VII. against the English. He was made lieutenant-general in the
French army, and received the peerage-duchy of Touraine with remainder
to his heirs-male. The new duke was defeated and slain at Verneuil
(1424) with his second son, James; his persistent ill-luck earned him
the title of the Tyneman (the loser).

ARCHIBALD, 5TH EARL OF DOUGLAS (c. 1391-1439), succeeded to his father's
English and Scottish honours, though he never touched the revenues of
Touraine. He fought at Bauge in 1421, and was made count of Longueville
in Normandy.

His two sons, WILLIAM, 6TH EARL (1423?-1440), and David, were little
more than boys at the time of their father's death in 1439. They can
hardly have been guilty of any real offence when, on the 24th of
November 1440, they were summoned to court by Sir William Crichton, lord
chancellor of Scotland, and, after a mock trial in the young king's
presence, were beheaded forthwith in the courtyard of Edinburgh Castle.
This murder broke up the dangerous power wielded by the Douglases. The
lordships of Annandale and Bothwell fell to the crown; Galloway to the
earl's sister Margaret, the "Fair Maid of Galloway"; while the Douglas
lands passed to his great-uncle JAMES DOUGLAS, 7TH EARL OF DOUGLAS,
called the "Gross," of Balvany (1371-1444), lord of Abercorn and
Aberdour, earl of Avondale (cr. 1437), younger son of the 3rd earl.

The latter's sons, WILLIAM (c. 1425-1452) and James (1426-1488), became
8th and 9th earls respectively; Archibald became earl of Moray by
marriage with Elizabeth Dunbar, daughter and co-heiress of James, earl
of Moray; Hugh was created earl of Ormond in 1445; John was lord of
Balvany; Henry became bishop of Dunkeld.

The power of the Black Douglases was restored by the