ored after his
death to St Mark's, where it is at present preserved. Dragonetti used a
straight bow similar to the violoncello bow, held overhand with the hair
slanting towards the neck of the instrument; it was introduced into
England from Paris, and is a favourite with orchestral players.
Praetorius gives an illustration of a sub-bass _viol da gamba_ or _gross
contra-bass geige_[5] "recently constructed," which displaced the other
large contra-bass viols; of which he also gives an illustration.[6]

Giovanni Bottesini (1822-1889) was the greatest virtuoso on the double
bass that the world has ever known. It was not only the perfection of
his technique and tone which won him artistic fame, but also the
delicacy of his style and his exquisite taste in phrasing. (K. S.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The real sounds are an octave lower.

[2] _The Double Bass_ (Novello, _Music Primers_, No. 32), p. 6.

[3] See Kathleen Schlesinger, _The Instruments of the Orchestra_,
Part II. "The Precursors of the Violin Family" (1908-1909).

[4] See Laurent Grillet, _Les Ancetres du violon et du violoncelle_
(Paris, 1901), tome ii. p. 159; Willebald Leo von Lustgendorff, _Die
Geigen und Lautenmacher vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart_ (Frankfurt
a. M., 1904), p. 50; A. C. White, _The Double Bass_, p. 8.

[5] M. Praetorius, _Syntagma music_. (Wolfenbuttel, 1618 and 1620),
pp. 54-55 and pl. v. (1).

[6] Ib. pl. vi. No. 4.

DOUBLEDAY, ABNER (1819-1893), American soldier, was born at Ballston
Spa, New York, on the 26th of June 1819, and graduated from West Point
in 1842. He served in the U.S. artillery during the Mexican War, being
present at the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista. He was second in
command at Fort Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina, when it was
bombarded and taken by the Confederates in 1861, and later in the
campaign of that year he served in the Shenandoah valley as a field
officer. In February 1862 he was made a brigadier-general of volunteers
and employed in the lines of Washington. He commanded a division in the
Army of the Potomac in the second Bull Run campaign and at Antietam,
becoming major-general U.S.V. in November 1862. He continued to command
his division in the Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville campaigns, and
on the first day of the battle of Gettysburg he led the I. corps, and
for a time all the Union forces on the field, after the death of General
Reynolds. In the lat