,
training colleges, a school of mines, an artillery school, schools of
music, agriculture, drawing, architecture, &c., and a national school
for instruction in brewing and other industries connected with
agriculture. In addition to other iron and engineering works, Douai has
a large cannon foundry and an arsenal; coal-mining and the manufacture
of glass and bottles and chemicals are carried on a large scale in the
environs; among the other industries are flax-spinning, rope-making,
brewing and the manufacture of farm implements, oil, sugar, soap and
leather. Trade, which is largely water-borne, is in grain and
agricultural products, coal and building material.

Douai, the site of which was occupied by a castle (_Castrum Duacense_)
as early as the 7th century, belonged in the middle ages to the counts
of Flanders, passed in 1384 to the dukes of Burgundy, and so in 1477
with the rest of the Netherlands to Spain. In 1667 it was captured by
Louis XIV., and was ultimately ceded to France by the treaty of Utrecht
in 1713. Historically Douai is mainly important as the centre of the
political and religious propaganda of the exiled English Roman
Catholics. In 1562 Philip II. of Spain founded a university here, in
which several English scholars were given chairs; and in connexion with
this William Allen (q.v.) in 1568 founded the celebrated English
college. It was here that the "Douai Bible" was prepared (see Vol. III.
p. 901). There were also an Irish and a Scots college and houses of
English Benedictines and Franciscans. All these survived till 1793, when
the university was suppressed.

See F. Brassart, _Hist. du chateau et de la chatellenie de Douai_
(Douai, 1877-87); C. Mine, _Hist. pop. de Douai_ (ib. 1861); B. Ward,
_Dawn of the Catholic Revival_ (London, 1909); Handecoeur, _Hist. du
College anglais, Douai_ (Reims, 1898); Daucoisne, _Etablissements
britanniques a Douai_ (Douai, 1881).

DOUARNENEZ, a fishing-port of western France, in the department of
Finistere, on the southern shore of the Bay of Douarnenez 15 m. N.W. of
Quimper by rail. Pop. (1906) 13,472. Its sardine fishery, which is
carried on from the end of June to the beginning of December, gives
occupation to about 800 boats, and between 3000 and 4000 men, and the
preserving of the fish is an important industry. Mackerel fishing,
boat-building and rope and net making also occupy the inhabitants. There
is a lighthouse on the small island of Trist