er a distinguished career at the Ecole Normale began to
teach rhetoric at the College Stanislas. He was a contributor to the
_Moniteur_, the _Journal des Debats_ and the _Revue bleue_, but was best
known as the independent and uncompromising literary critic of the
_Revue des Deux Mondes_. His works include: _Elements d'histoire
litteraire_ (1888); _Portraits d'ecrivains_ (1892); _De Scribe a Ibsen_
(1893); _Ecrivains d'aujour-d'hui_ (1894); _Etudes sur la litterature
francaise_ (5 vols., 1896-1905); _Les Jeunes_ (1896); _Essais sur le
theatre contemporain_ (1897); _Les Hommes et les idees du XIX^e siecle_
(1903); and an edition of the _Lettres d'Elvire a Lamartine_ (1905).

DOUNE, a police burgh of Perthshire, Scotland, 8-3/4 m. N.W. of Stirling by
the Caledonian railway. Pop. (1901) 930. It is situated on the left bank
of the Teith, here crossed by the bridge built in 1535 by Robert
Spittal, tailor to James IV. The town was once famous for its pistols
and sporrans (as the purses worn with the kilt are called), which were
in great request by the clansmen of the Highlands. Doune Castle, now in
ruins, occupies a commanding position on the Teith, at the point where
it is joined by the Ardoch. It is believed to have been built by
Murdoch, 2nd duke of Albany (d. 1425), and was sometimes a residence of
the sovereigns, among them James V. and Queen Mary. A nephew of Rob Roy
held it for Prince Charlie, and it figures in Scott's _Waverley_. It
belongs to the earl of Moray (Murray), who derives from it his title of
Lord Doune, and was the home of James Stewart, the "bonnie earl" of
Moray, murdered at Donibristle in Fife by the earl of Huntly (1592). The
braes of Doune lie to the north-west of the town and extend towards Uam
Var. Deanston (pop. 652), 1 m. S.W. of Doune, on the right bank of the
Teith, was the scene of the labours of James Smith (1789-1850), the
agricultural engineer, who was also manager of the cotton mills
established there in 1785. On his farm Smith carried out his experiments
in deep and thorough draining, and also invented a reaping machine, the
subsoil plough and numerous other valuable appliances.

DOURO (Span. _Duero_, Port. _Douro_, anc. _Durius_), a river of the
Iberian Peninsula. The Douro rises south of the Sierra de la Demanda, in
the Pico de Urbion, an isolated mountain mass 7389 ft. high. It
describes a wide curve eastwards past Soria, then flows westward across
the Castilian table-land,