ried on. Exports include watches, live-stock, wine, vegetables, iron
and hardware; cattle, hides, timber, coal, wine and machinery are
imported. Large quantities of goods, in transit between France and
Switzerland, pass through the department. Among its mineral products are
building stone and lime, and there are peat workings. Doubs is served by
the Paris-Lyon railway, the line from Dole to Switzerland passing, via
Pontarlier, through the south of the department. The canal from the
Rhone to the Rhine traverses it for 84 miles.

The department is divided into the arrondissements of Besancon,
Baume-les-Dames, Montbeliard and Pontarlier, with 27 cantons and 637
communes. It belongs to the _academie_ (educational circumscription) and
the diocese of Besancon, which is the capital, the seat of an archbishop
and of a court of appeal, and headquarters of the VII. army corps.
Besides Besancon the chief towns are Montbeliard and Pontarlier (qq.v.).
Ornans, a town on the Loue, has a church of the 16th century and ruins
of a feudal castle, which are of antiquarian interest. Montbenoit on the
Doubs near Pontarlier has the remains of an Augustine abbey (13th to
16th centuries). The cloisters are of the 15th century, and the church
contains, among other works of art, some fine stalls executed in the
16th century. Lower down the Doubs is the town of Morteau, with the
Maison Pertuisier, a house of the Renaissance period, and a church which
still preserves remains of a previous structure of the 13th century.
Baume-les-Dames owes the affix of its name to a Benedictine convent
founded in 763, to which only noble ladies were admitted. Numerous
antiquities have been found at Mandeure (near Montbeliard), which stands
on the site of the Roman town of _Epomanduodurum_.

DOUCE, FRANCIS (1757-1834), English antiquary, was born in London in
1757. His father was a clerk in Chancery. After completing his education
he entered his father's office, but soon quitted it to devote himself to
the study of antiquities. He became a prominent member of the Society of
Antiquaries, and for a time held the post of keeper of manuscripts in
the British Museum, but was compelled to resign it owing to a quarrel
with one of the trustees. In 1807 he published his _Illustrations of
Shakespeare and Ancient Manners_ (2 vols. 8vo), which contained some
curious information, along with a great deal of trifling criticism and
mistaken interpretation. An unfavourable not