ust
be given attention; these and many other difficult questions were to be
met and overcome.

"Three principles," says Mr. Bertram, "have contributed to the solution
of this problem--free choices between the courses provided, free
enjoyment of the preparatory courses without fee, and the selection of
the teachers according to their attainments in a particular branch and
their ability to adapt their instruction to the needs of the pupils or
participants in the course."

In certain sections, Nassau and Hanover for example, state aid came
early to the continuation school. In 1874 an increased appropriation
resulted in the betterment of the schools then existing and in the
further establishment of like institutions. Here the communities must
meet the cost of building, heating, lighting etc., and one-half of all
the expenses not covered by the actual tuition. Since 1878 there is a
fairly general acceptance throughout the Empire of the statute
providing that all employes under eighteen years of age must be allowed
to attend a continuation school, the period of attendance to be
determined by "competent authority". This naturally leads the Public
Instruction Department to be free in its financial support.

It will be understood that in most cases six hours per week is the
attendance required and that only those who have left the Volksschule or
lower school and are not attending any higher institution are admitted.
In Saxony a somewhat different condition exists. Children who have not
made satisfactory progress in the Volksschule must, perforce, attend the
continuation school for two years.

The writer of this paper was thoroughly impressed with the work of the
Sunday classes as seen in Leipzig, Saxony, during the summer of 1899.
His first introduction to such work was made, when on joining a group
of boys, several of them carrying draughting-boards, he was conducted by
them to their school. The general character and deportment of the boys,
the spirit and enthusiasm manifested by them, and the thoughtful and
intelligent quality of the work produced, fully justified in his own
mind, the validity and worth of the Sunday class instruction.

As between the schools located in the cities and those in the smaller
towns and country places, there is some slight difference. They may be
classified as (_a_) rural or (_b_) city schools, on account of their
location. The distinction lies rather in the arrangement of their
curricula, th