ourth,
fine and artistic wicker working.

In the blacksmiths' school the instruction is for two hours, one day
each week. Theoretical work in horseshoeing, and drawing related to the
course are taught.

The city and guild support the school for bookbinders. The students are
both apprentices and journeymen. They work week day evenings and Sunday
mornings. The purpose is not to produce tradesmen, but rather to make
more proficient those engaged in some form of bookbinding, and to this
end applicants must have had experience amounting to two years work
before entering the school. All students must be grounded in the general
elements underlying the trade before they are allowed to take up any
phase as a specialty. No fee is charged the apprentices of guild
members; others pay five marks per term; journeymen pay nine marks per
term.

In the cabinetmakers' school, all lines of work pertaining to the trade
are taken up, drawing and designing for trade purposes; free-hand
drawing; modeling, carving; properties of woods, etc. Instruction is
given week day evenings and Sunday forenoons. Four marks are charged
for the first term in the drawing course and for each subsequent term,
two marks. The subjects taken up are: chemistry, free-hand drawing,
projection, trade drawing, perspective and shadows, drawing from cast,
modeling and wood carving, joinery. The school is under public control.

In most of the remaining trade schools, instruction is pretty generally
given on week day evenings and Sunday mornings, the apprentices of guild
members paying no fee, a small charge being made for outsiders. The
support comes from city, state and guild in most cases. In the school
for masons however, there is a preparatory course and also a carpenters'
course, the whole covering a three years term. In this school the
instruction is thorough, covering plans, drawings and specifications;
stone, brick, and wood construction; foundations, arches, staircases,
roofs, and the like. Almost without exception in all these schools the
winter attendance is greater than that in the summer.

Certain individual schools throughout the Empire deserve special
mention, the Royal Fachschule of Iserlohn, the first in Prussia, being a
notable example. Here handwork is combined with industrial art adapted
to metal work. Boys who entered the trade were, in the early days of the
school, found to be in need of both theoretical and practical work, so
each has a place