vil or mechanical engineering, building construction,
industrial chemistry, etc. An agricultural department is maintained at
Munich, and a forestry department at Carlsruhe. That a knowledge of the
application of electricity is considered essential in our modern methods
is shown in the fact that all students in departments of machine
construction engage in the study of electro-technics.

The courses of study are to-day upon more of an elective basis than
formerly although even now the results of the work of Nebenius are
clearly seen. The success of the Hochschulen is due to the efforts of
Nebenius more than to any other one man. His ideas were worked out at
Carlsruhe and in greater or lesser degree incorporated into all the
schools. It was insisted by him that a proper foundation must be laid
before any successful special technical training can be had. Preliminary
work must be mastered and a natural sequence of studies followed. To
this end a fixed graduated course is recommended, the student to be
promoted as ability may determine. The one course plan however has been
substituted for the several.[4]

[Footnote 4: "Programm der Koenigl. Technischen Hochschule zu Hannover,
1901-1902, page 90. Den Hoerern bleibt die Wahl der Lehrfaecher frei
ueberlassen, fuer ein geordnetes Studium empfiehlt sich aber die Beachtung
der folgenden Studien und Stundenplaene."]

The following table compiled from various sources will give some idea of
the extent of the work as carried on in Berlin. The school has a library
of 54,000 volumes; a student body of upwards of 4,500 and a modern
equipment throughout.

-------------+---------+---------------------------------------+-----------
Departments | No. | SUBJECTS |No. of
| of | |Professors
| courses | |and
| | |Instructors
-------------+---------+---------------------------------------+-----------
General | 58 | Mechanics, Physics and general | 33
Science | | science studies; literature, |
| | French, English, Italian, law, |
| | political science. |
-------------+---------+---------------------------------------+-----------
Civil | 34 | Mechanics, railway construction, |