such boy during his attendance
at school. Two duplicates of the model must be left at the school. The
courses are three years, daily sessions, Saturdays excepted. The fees
are nominal, being only five dollars per year for the day classes,
thirty hours weekly, and one dollar for evening work, two hours weekly.
Pupils living outside the municipality pay six dollars per year for day
instruction.

The Furtwangen, or Black Forest schools are made up of several
divisions, giving rather a high class of instruction. Clock making, wood
carving, and straw plaiting, are largely carried on.

This paper would not be complete without some mention of the system of
apprenticeship in vogue in Germany. The Lehrwerkstaetten or apprentice
shops play a considerable part in the industrial life of the Empire. In
some instances they are maintained in connection with the trade schools,
or again, are semi-private or separate shops. The apprenticeship shops
on the one hand, and the continuation schools upon the other, are doing
much of the work formerly undertaken by the trade schools proper. While
manufacturing upon a larger scale is recognized as possessing advantages
over the smaller productive plants, it has seemed wise to hold to the
handicrafts, in a measure at least. The apprentice system helps to
preserve the traditions and sentiments of the German people, by handing
down these handicrafts. The associations, vereins, and guilds of past
time, are to-day, through the aid of legislation, coming to the fore,
and bringing with them many boys trained in the shops under the masters.
To show the power and scope of the guild, and in some cases it is
incumbent upon a community to form a guild whether or no, let me give
the following quotation:

"Persons carrying on trades on their own account can form guilds for the
advancement of their common trade interests. The object of the guild
shall be:

1. the cultivation of an esprit de corps and professional pride among
the members of a trade;

2. the maintenance of amicable relations between employers and their
employes, and the securing of work for unemployed journeymen and their
shelter during the period of their nonemployment;

3. the detailed regulations of the conditions of apprenticeship and the
care for the technical and moral education of apprentices;

4. the adjustment of disputes between guild members and their
apprentices, as contemplated by the law of July 20, 1890, concerning
indust