and as apprentices in the
shops. The latter form of training will be spoken of elsewhere in this
section of the paper.

We have noted in following the work of the continuation school, that the
attempt has been mainly toward the teaching of theoretical subjects, the
practical lines being carried forward in the regular daily occupations
of the individuals. Hence the trade is not held specifically in mind,
although the desired end is always kept in view. In the trade schools
on the other hand, the work is largely of a practical nature, dealing
with some particular occupation. The foregoing statement may be taken as
fairly representing the Fachschule point of view, but it should be
observed that while these schools are special trade schools, training
for example iron workers, or joiners, or tailors, there is a
differentiation within the general class. I refer to the Gewerbeschulen,
where theoretical lessons are sometimes taught. These schools will be
given mention in the secondary group.

Admission to the trade schools is gained usually at fourteen years of
age, the length of each course covering a period of three years. The
schools are in receipt of financial aid from both state and local
governments.

To simplify our study, we shall consider only such institutions as deal
with a single trade each, leaving the schools for the building trades
and the like, and those dealing with industrial art and drawing to be
treated elsewhere. Specialization has been carried so far that the
following lists of schools, each training for its own particular trade
or calling, may be given. The list is arranged alphabetically and
without reference to the relative importance of the various vocations,
or to the number of schools. Such schools are now found pretty generally
in the larger cities throughout the Empire. Some of these are day
schools; some evening schools, and others again offer both day and
evening courses and Sunday instruction.

SINGLE TRADE SCHOOLS

Schools for Bakers
" " Barbers and Hairdressers
" " Basketmakers, Wickerworkers, and Strawplaiters
" " Blacksmiths
" " Bookbinders
" " Carpenters and Cabinetmakers
" " Chimney Sweeps
" " Confectioners
" " Coopers
" " Gardeners
" " Glaziers
" " Joiners
" " Marine Machinists
" " Masons
" " Painters
" " Paperhangers a