l
springing from a single root.

The fundamental realization of the antithesis of light and darkness
giving rise to the division of the universe into two distinct parts,
the conception of an eternal antagonism between both followed and
led to the stage of thought set forth by Mr. Robert Brown who tells
us (_op. cit._) that "the original twins were the Sun and Moon" and
that an archaic cosmogonic legend attached to the third month of Kas
(twins) is that of two hostile brethren and the building of the
first city. The great twin-brethren who join together to build the
city are the Sun and Moon, engaged in preserving cosmic order yet
also constantly antagonistic to each other and who constantly chase
each other, one being up when the other is down. Mr. Brown also
relates the myth of antagonistic satraps Namaros and Parsondas and
states that, in the twin stars, Castor and Pollux, named by the
Euphrateans the great Twins=Mastab-bagal-gal, the Sun and Moon were
re-duplicated. The Euphratean abbreviation is mas=twin or mas-mas,
and Pollux is equated with the fourth antediluvian king Ammenon, a
name derived from Akkadian: umun=offspring, an=heaven _i. e._ the
Sun, "the son or offspring of heaven."

98 "There are reasons for believing, however, that Sarpanitum, the
offspring-producing goddess once enjoyed considerable importance of
her own; that, prior to the rise of Marduk to his supreme position,
a goddess was worshipped in Babylon, one of whose special functions
it was to protect the progeny while still in the mother's womb. A
late king of Babylon, the great Nebuchadnezzar, appeals to this
attribute of the goddess. To her was also attributed the possession
of knowledge concealed from men.... A late ruler of Babylon,
Shamash-Shumu-kin, calls her 'the queen of the gods' and declares
himself to have been nominated by her to lord it over men" (Jastrow,
_op. cit._ p. 122).

The following extracts from Assyrian prayers addressed to Ishtar
further define her position at one time: "The producer, queen of
heaven, the glorious lady. To the one who dwells in E-babbara.... To
the queen of the gods to whom has been entrusted the commands of the
great gods. To the lady of Nineveh.... To the daughter of Sin, _the
twin-sister of Sh