isappeared altogether,
its place being supplied by suffetes or 'judges,' whose term of
office lasted sometimes for a year, sometimes for more, sometimes
even for life.... At Carthage there were two suffetes, who were
merely presidents of the senate of thirty ... whose power was
subsequently checked by a board of one hundred and four.... By
providing that no member of the board should hold office for two
years running, Hannibal changed the government into a democracy."

154 Evolution and Ethics. Appleton ed. New York, 1896, p. 104.

155 "Death no Bane," translation by Robert Black, M. A., Sampson Low,
Marston & Co., London, 1889, p. 121, note.

156 Merely as affording a glimpse of the troublous period during which
Plotinus lived, I recall the fact that Caracalla, visiting Egypt,
caused a large number of young men to be massacred at Alexandria
(A.D. 211). Between A.D. 248 and 268, Alexandria was the seat of
civil war for twelve years, and through war, famine and pestilence,
in a few years, about half of the population, not only of
Alexandria, but of Rome, perished. A general persecution of
Christians was also carried on at this period, and in A.D. 268
Zenobia invaded Egypt.

157 To those of my fellow-workers who have made a special study of the
most ancient forms of cursive and ikonomatic writings of the Old
World, I should like to submit some facts concerning the ancient
Mexican method, which may carry a fresh suggestion and be an aid to
future research.

When the first Spanish missionaries who reached Mexico found
themselves confronted by the barrier of language and wished to teach
the native converts the Lord's Prayer in Latin, they adopted the
method of picture writing employed by the aborigines. By painting a
banner=pantli, a stone=tetl, a cactus=nochtli and another
stone=tetl, they conveyed the words Pa-te-noch-te, which,
approximately, represented paternoster. The consequence was that the
Indians were able to memorize prayers in a language unknown to them,
by referring to pictures of objects and naming these in their own
tongue. A number of curious documents exist, which exhibit a great
difference and variety in execution and are more or less cursive,
according to the artistic sense and ability of the missionary or