n the terra-cotta whorls found, in
profusion, in Mexico and those of Troy.

147 There is, however, a wide difference between Hewitt's views and mine
concerning the stars associated with the year wheel and the origin
and meaning of the primitive cross-symbols and swastika, although at
times they partially agree. As Hewitt gives several totally distinct
and different explanations of the origin and significance of crosses
and swastikas, it is difficult to understand clearly his standpoint.
On p. 9, vol. II, he makes an interesting differentiation between a
diagonal or transverse and upright cross, respectively designating
them as rain-cross and fire-cross, and states that their
superposition forms the eight-rayed star, the Akkadian and early
Indian sign of Anu=god. On p. 145, vol. II he names the transverse
cross a sun-cross and says it describes the track of the sun across
the heavens, on solstitial days and distinctly describes the
swastika in the centre of the triangle on the Hindu altar, as "a
symbolic picture of the sun rising at midsummer in the N. E. and
setting in the N. W., and at the winter solstice rising in the S. E.
and setting in the S. W." On the other hand Hewitt associates the
right-angled cross with the fire-god and the pole-star (p. 191, vol.
II), and the five-rayed star of Horus as the rain or meridian pole,
or mountain standing in the midst of the four stars marking the four
quarters of the heavens (p. 9, vol. II and p. 17, vol. I). I
recommend a careful re-perusal of all of Hewitt's interpretations of
cross-symbols and swastika and a close comparison of these with my
views, as set forth in the beginning of the present publication, to
Mr. Stansbury Hagar who, somewhat hastily, upon hearing my brief
communication to Section H of the A. A. A. S. in New York, June
1900, stated (in the October number of the Folklore Journal) that my
view concerning the origin of the swastika was the same as that
suggested by Hewitt.

148 Referring the reader to pp. 186-192 for details concerning native
tree worship, I shall but add that to this day, among certain North
American tribes, the planting of the sacred tribal pole in the
hallowed earth socket is accompanied by curious ritualistic marriage
rites, and the ceremonial