ham; also Cieza de Leon, Herrera, etc. and MS. of Padre Anello
Oliva.

20 Attention is called to a curious error in the original text by
Arriaga, quoted by Rivero and Tschudi. Arriaga states that the two
statues stood back to back, but he makes the woman look toward the
"poniente" and the man to the "occidente," thus making both figures
face the west. As "poniente" is the current Spanish phrase for the
west, it is evident that the author made a slip in the use of the
classical term, and intended to say that the man faced the
"oriente."

21 The Terra-cotta Heads of Teotihuacan, American Journal of
Archaeology, Baltimore, 1886.

22 For this valuable list I am indebted to the kindness of Sir Clements
B. Markham, the President of the Royal Geographical Society of Great
Britain, who generously allowed me to study some of his MS. notes on
Ancient Peru.

23 "From what can be gathered and conjectured in considering the
traditions of the present time, it is not more than 350 to 400 years
since the Incas only possessed and ruled over the valley of Cuzco as
far as Urcas, a distance of six leagues and to the valley of Yucay,
which is not more than 5 leagues.... The historical period cannot be
placed further back than 400 years at the earliest" (Polo de
Ondegardo 1550-1600).

24 Lettre sur les Antiquites de Tiahuanaco, 1866, pp. 9, 17, 19.

25 Blas Valera, apud Garcilaso de la Vega, Comentarios Reales, Lisboa,
1609, lib. I, cap. XI, pp. 13, 14; lib. II, cap. VI, p. 42. See also
Garcia, Origen de los Indios. Madrid, 1729, lib. IV, cap. XV, p.
313.

26 Narratives of the Rites and laws of the Incas, translated by
Clements B. Markham, C. B., F. R. S., ed. Hakluyt Society, pp.
10-13.

27 It is the merit of the late distinguished philologist Dr. Buschmann,
in his invaluable work on Aztec names of localities to have pointed
out that although the Cakchiquel language is now spoken at
Cozumalhuapa or Cotzumalguapan, its name is unquestionably Nahuatl
(Cozamalo-apan). Ueber Aztekische Ortsnamen, VII, p. 34.

The largest number of illustrations of the beautiful bas-reliefs
found in the above locality have been published by M. Herman Strebel
of Hamburg, whose valuable publications and splendid collections of
ancient Mexican anti