needed to fill up the hollows on the surface. As
the specific gravity of the wax is 4/5 that of the nut the figure
actually used is weight of nut plus 5/4 weight of the wax, which gives
the weight of a nut of the size of the sample with the hollows in the
shell filled up or the weight of a nut of perfect form of the size of
the sample. The measurement of form is then the weight of the average
nut divided by the weight of a nut of the same size of perfect shape,
that is without hollows or ridges.

A measurement of form of a black walnut gave the following:

Weight of nut 22.5 grams
Weight of nut and wax 24.6 "
Weight of wax 2.1 "
Weight of 5-4 wax 2.6 "
Weight of nut and 5-4 wax 25.1 "
Form 22.5/25.1=89.7%

When a nut has perfect form there will be no hollows to fill and no wax
will be needed and the weight of nut and 5/4 of the wax will be the same
as the weight of the nut and therefore its form figure will be 100%. The
number of points to be awarded for any measurement of form would be
determined by making up a table as was made up for awarding points for
weight, but such a table cannot be made up till after an examination of
form values for a large number of nuts. This will be done later.

COLOR: The color of shell was measured by making up samples of
water colors of all gradations of color between the lightest shell and
the darkest. From these, five were selected as showing in five steps the
differences noted, the lightest being marked 5, the next 4 and so on
down to the darkest which was marked 0. With these color standards in
front of the one judging, it was only necessary to take the nut to be
judged and lay it on the standards of color and the figure on the shade
which the nut most nearly matched was the figure awarded for color.

HUSKING QUALITY: This represents the ease with which the husk
can be removed. In view of the well known fact that husks of all nuts do
not come off with equal facility the need of such is apparent. Its
measurement will be the proportion of husk removed by a standard husking
operation.

THINNESS OF SHELL: This was measured by providing a means for
bringing two metal surfaces together, keeping them always parallel. The
nut to be cracked was placed between these surfaces and an arrangement
of scale levers provided so that the pressure exerted on the nut could
be weighed. The surfaces were brought t