ries to do it becomes ready to give up before he really gets
started. It was found that the ratio of the weight of kernel to the
weight of the entire nut which is termed "proportion of kernel" was
never large in the case of a nut with shriveled kernel. It was small in
the case of a nut with a thick shell and a plump well filled kernel,
but, as stated above it was never large in the case of a nut with a
shriveled kernel and a good deal of work on the subject convinced me
that the characteristic "proportion of kernel" could be very well
substituted for plumpness.

There seemed at the present time little use for separating flavor and
quality as there seemed to be some question as to what was intended by
the terms separately and so they were considered together. I would like
to state here that little consideration has so far been given as to
whether the number of points awarded for each characteristic are such as
to cause the nut that will ultimately be considered of most value
commercially to get the first prize or not. The score card of Prof.
Lake's seemed so good that it was thought far more important at present
to develop methods of measuring these characteristics. A careful study
of the nuts sent in to the contests, it was thought, would point out
most parts of the score card where improvement could be made, and this
has already proved to be so to a considerable extent. The methods of
quantitatively measuring the different characteristics and determining
the number of points to be awarded for each will be outlined one at a
time.

WEIGHT: This is determined by an accurate scale, one weighing
to 1/10 gram was used, and the same scale was used directly or
indirectly for determining six out of the nine characteristics
considered. In determining weight, five average nuts (as far as could be
determined by appearance) were weighed and the average weight
determined. Having at hand the weights of the largest and smallest nuts
of the species under examination, the largest nut was awarded 10 points
and the smallest 0 and the nuts of intermediate weight were awarded
intermediate figures. The method of doing this will best be seen by
taking a specific instance e. g. the Lutz black walnut, the average
weight of which is 26.4g. The Alley black walnut, the average weight of
which is 10.0g is the smallest good black walnut which has come to our
attention, while the Armknecht black walnut which weighs 28.9g is the
largest one of which