-Fables.

V THE LETTERS OF THE GAONIM 68

Representative Gaonim:
Achai, Amram, Zemach, Saadiah, Sherira, Samuel, Hai.

VI THE KARAITIC LITERATURE 75

Anan, Nahavendi, Abul-Faraj, Salman, Sahal, al-Bazir,
Hassan, Japhet, Kirkisani, Judah Hadassi, Isaac Troki.

VII THE NEW-HEBREW PIYUT 83

Kalirian and Spanish Piyutim (Poems).--Jannai.--Kalir.

VIII SAADIAH OF FAYUM 91

Translation of the Bible into Arabic.--Foundation of
a Jewish Philosophy of Religion.

IX DAWN OF THE SPANISH ERA 99

Chasdai Ibn Shaprut.--Menachem and Dunash, Chayuj
and Janach.--Samuel the Nagid.

X THE SPANISH-JEWISH POETS (I) 107

Solomon Ibn Gebirol.--"The Royal Crown."--Moses
Ibn Ezra.--Abraham Ibn Ezra.--The Biblical
Commentaries of Ibn Ezra and the Kimchis.

XI RASHI AND ALFASSI 119

Nathan of Rome.--Alfassi.--Rashi.--Rashbam.

XII THE SPANISH-JEWISH POETS (II) 126

Jehuda Halevi.--Charizi.

XIII MOSES MAIMONIDES 134

Maimon, Rambam--R. Moses, the son of Maimon,
Maimonides.--His Yad Hachazaka and Moreh
Nebuchim.--Gersonides.--Crescas.--Albo.

XIV THE DIFFUSION OF SCIENCE 144

Provencal Translators.--The Ibn Tibbons.--Italian
Translators.--Jacob Anatoli.--Kalonymos.--Scientific
Literature.

XV THE DIFFUSION OF FOLK-TALES 153

Barlaam and Joshaphat.--The Fables of Bidpai.--Abraham
Ibn Chisdai.--Berachya ha-Nakdan.--Joseph Zabara.

XVI MOSES NACHMANIDES 160

French and Spanish Talmudists.--The Tossafists,
Asher of Speyer, Tam, Isaac of Dompaire, Baruch
of Ratisbon, Perez of Corbeil.--Nachmanides'
Commentary on the Pentateuch.--Public controversies
between Jews and Christians.

XVII THE ZOHAR AND LATER MYSTICISM 169

Kabbala.--The Bahir.--Abulafia.--Moses of Leon.--The
Zohar.--Isaac Lurya.--Isaiah Hurwitz.--Christian
Kabbal